A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

257-] THE SUBSTANTIVAL ARTICLE. 225
ment of this group of uses. A few others are found in Attic
poets, as 6 yap (Aesch. Sept. 17, Soph. El. 45, O. T. 1082).
The use to contrast indefinite persons or things (6 juez> 6 6"e=
one another, ot [L\V ot be = $ome
others) is not very common in
Homer.
The use of the Article with an adversative Particle (6e, avrap,
a\Xd) generally marks a change of Subject 6 8e but the other, &c.
:
But this is not always the case: e.g. II. 4. 491 rov ptv a\j.apB\
6 8e AevKov . . .
/3e/3ArJKet him he missed^ but smote Leucus (so II.
8. 119, 126, 302., II. 80, II.
&c.) I.
496 0e'rts 6' ov A?j0er'
;
e^erjueW TTCLLOOS tov, dXA.' rj y dueSiWro KT\. : cp. II. 5- 321.,
6. 1 68, Od. i. 4, &c. The Article in all such cases evidently
expresses a contrast not however between two : persons, but between
two characters in which the same person
is
thought of.
This last use in which the Article is pleonastic, according to
Attic notions occurs in Herodotus, as 5. 120 ra JJLZV irporepov
ot Rapes (3ov^vovTO juier?7/cai>, ot e CLVTIS TroAe/xetz; e^ap^r}? apreovTo.
We may compare
it with the pleonastic use of the Pronoun in
II. ii. 131 fwypet 'Arpeo? vU, (TV ft afta 5e^at airoiva,
where the effect of inserting au is to oppose the two acts denoted
by wy/ t an(i Se^at avoiva.
2. The Article is frequent in Disjunctive sentences :
II. 12. 240 et T 7rt 6e^t" i(ti(ri Trpoj 770) r r}Xidv re,
et T ZTT
dpiarepa rot ye KrX. (or else to left}.
Od. 2. 132 Ca>et o y r/ riQv^tv.
Here also it serves to contrast the alternative things said
the same Subject.
about
3. The principle of contrast often leads to the placing of two
Articles together
: II. 21. 602 rjos 6 TOV TreStoio 6tco/cero,
10. 224 Kai re Trpo 6 TOV v6r](Ttv.
So an Article and a
Personal Pronoun, tv 8e av roto-t (II. 13. 829, &c.); cp.
II. 8.
53^ ffcro/ykii et Ke 6 /m' Tu8et8r]? /cparepo? Ato/X7j6r^j
Trap vrj&v Trpos ret^oj aTiwo'erat, rj
Kv eya> TOV.
Note that when the second of the two is in the Nom., it
usually takes y e : hence rou o ye, TTJ p ' ot ye, &c.
4. The Article often stands for the object to be denned by a
following Relative Clause, e.g.
II. 9. 615 Ka\6v rot crvv e/xot TOV Kqbeiv os K* e/ute K^by.
I.
272 rwr ot vvv ySporot eto-t &c.
The use is to be classed as Anaphoric ;
the intention of saying
something about the object is equivalent to a previous mention.
So in Latin the Anaphoric is is used to introduce qui.
Q