A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

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XIV PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. Nauck collected in the Melanges gre'co-romains (St. Petersburg 1855-88) a book not often seen in this country, and the dissertations of J. van Leeuwen in the Mnemosyne. The two writers last mentioned are chiefly concerned with the restoration of the Homeric text to its original or prehistoric form. Their method, which is philological rather than linguistic, may lead to some further results when the numerous MSS. of the Iliad have been examined and have furnished us with an adequate apparatus criticus. Although very much has been re-written, the numbering of the sections has been retained, with a few exceptions so that ; the references made to the first edition will generally still hold The new sections are distinguished by an asterisk. enumerate the points on which new good. I will not attempt to matter has been added, or former views recalled or modified. The increase in the size of the book is largely due to the fuller treatment of the morphology. Additions bearing on questions of syntax will be found in 238, 248, 267, 270*, 362, 365. On the whole I have become more sceptical about the theories which seek to explain the forms of the Subordinate Clause from parataxis, or the mere juxta-position of independent clauses. In general it may be admitted that the complex arose in the first instance by the amalgamation of simpler elements : but we must beware of leaving out of sight the effect of * contamination ' in extending syntactical types once created. The neglect of this consideration is in reality another and more insidious form of the error from which recent writers on morphology have delivered us, viz. that of explaining grammatical forms as the result of direct amalgamation of a stem with a suffix or ending, without duly allowing for the working of analogy. OXFORD, March 21, 1891.
CHAPTER I. The Person-Endings. PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1. Sentences Subject and Predicate . . . i 2. Stem and Endings . . . . . i 3. The Person-Endings . . . . . i 4. Thematic Vowel .2 Non-Thematic forms . . 5. Table of . . Person-Endings . . .2 6. Influence of the Ending on the Stem . . .6 7. The forms of the 3 Plural . . . .8 8. Meaning of the Middle -9 . . . . CHAPTER II. The Tenses. Verb-Stem Tense- Stem . . . . .10 9. 10. Formation of Tense-Stems . . . . .11 IT. The Simple Non-Thematic Present . . . .12 12. Variation of the Stem Examples . . .12 13. The Simple Non-Thematic Aorist . . . 14 14. Metathesis . . . . . . 15 15. Aorists in -a and -KCI . . . . .16 1 6. The Non-Thematic Reduplicated Present . . 17. The Presents with -v] (-vd) and -vu . . . 1 8. Thematic forms . . . . . 17 .18 .18 19. Non-Thematic Contracted Verbs Presents .20 . . 20. Aorists . . .22 21. Meaning of Non-Thematic Tenses .22 . . 22. The Perfect . . . . . . .22 23. Reduplication .26 . . . . . 24. The forms of the 3 Plural . . . . 27 25. Long and Short Stems . . . .28 26. The Perfect Participle . . .28 27. Thematic forms . . . . -30 28. Meaning of the Perfect . . . . 31 29. The Simple Thematic Present . . . .32 30. With Short Stem 33 31. The Thematic Aorist . . . , . . -34 32. Remarks . . . . . -36 33. Doubtful forms . . . . -37 34. Thematic Aorists in Homer . . . -38
Page 3: JS I LIBRARY
Page 6 and 7: HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRES
Page 8 and 9: PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY H
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IT ma
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IX cl
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XI ne
Page 17: PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE
Page 21 and 22: TABLE OF CONTENTS. xvil CHAPTER III
Page 23 and 24: TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix PAGE 161. Th
Page 25 and 26: TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXI PAGE 243. Th
Page 27 and 28: TABLE OF CONTENTS. xxill CHAPTER XI
Page 29 and 30: HOMEHIC GRAMMAR CHAPTER I. INTRODUC
Page 31 and 32: 5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. , O b b ? o ^>
Page 33 and 34: 5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. 5 suffer Hyphae
Page 35 and 36: 6.] VARIATION OF STEM. 7 Sing. Indi
Page 37 and 38: 8.] MIDDLE VOICE. 9 answering to -a
Page 39 and 40: 10.] THE TENSES. II This we shall c
Page 41 and 42: 12.] NON-THEMATIC PRESENT. 13 Mid.
Page 43 and 44: I4-] NON-THEMATIC AORIST. 15 (Hes.
Page 45 and 46: 1 6.] NON-THEMATIC TENSES. T; i8-ju
Page 47 and 48: 1 8.] THEMATIC FORMS. 19 ebibovs, e
Page 49 and 50: 1 9.] NON-THEMATIC CONTRACTED VERBS
Page 51 and 52: 22.] THE PERFECT. (1) tj (d) and a:
Page 53 and 54: 2,2,.] THE PERFECT. ' 25 When the S
Page 55 and 56: 24-] REDUPLICATION. 2/ (4) Temporal
Page 57 and 58: 26.] PARTICIPLE. 29 weak Stem, but
Page 59 and 60: 28.] MEANING. 31 Pluperfects Sci'Si
Page 61 and 62: 30.] THEMATIC PRESENT. 33 The forms
Page 63 and 64: 31.] THEMATIC AORIST. 35 The forms
Page 65 and 66: 33-] THEMATIC AORIST. 37 48, 51). W
Page 67 and 68: 36.] REDUPLICATED PRESENT AND AORIS
Page 69 and 70:
39-] AORIST IN -2A. 41 acu ', eVay,
Page 71 and 72:
41.] AORIST IN -SE(O). 43 sionally
Page 73 and 74:
45-] THEMATIC PRESENT WITH SUFFIX.
Page 75 and 76:
49-] ITERATIVE CLASS. 47 in mjut-Tr
Page 77 and 78:
53-] /-CLASS. 49 (3) -iw : TrvOi-To
Page 79 and 80:
55-] ASSIMILATION. 51 (d) With leng
Page 81 and 82:
55-] ASSIMILATION. 53 have been ret
Page 83 and 84:
57-] CONTRACTION SYNIZESIS. 55 2. V
Page 85 and 86:
63.] FUTURE. 57 0VT) 1 stay waiting
Page 87 and 88:
66.] FUTURE. 59 the accent ot the F
Page 89 and 90:
68.] AUGMENT. 6l (2) In several wor
Page 91 and 92:
71.] IMPERFECT. 63 instances of the
Page 93 and 94:
7
Page 95 and 96:
79-1 AORIST MEANING. 67 speaker put
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8l.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 69 For 6iSo, &c.,
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82.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 71 (II. 3. 353).
Page 101 and 102:
84.] VERBAL NOUNS. 73 The so-called
Page 103 and 104:
87.] PARTICIPLE. 75 (Sanscr. vid-ma
Page 105 and 106:
89.] ACCENT. 77 following the Prepo
Page 107 and 108:
93-] CASE-ENDINGS. 79 which forms t
Page 109 and 110:
96.] SINGULAR. 8l 95.] Original d a
Page 111 and 112:
99-] SINGULAR. 83 98.] Genitive Sin
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102.] PLURAL. 85 Stems in -u, Gen.
Page 115 and 116:
105.] CONTRACTION, &C. 87 vav-(f)iv
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106] STEM VARIATION. 89 a ' strong
Page 119 and 120:
107.] HETEROCLITE NOUNS. 9! ovbas,
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109.] ADVERBS. 93 In the Compound O
Page 123 and 124:
110.] ADVERBS. 95 confirmed by the
Page 125 and 126:
III.] ACCENT. 97 avrrjv (avTiov, tv
Page 127 and 128:
IT3-] NOUN FORMATION. 99 CHAPTER VI
Page 129 and 130:
II4-] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. IOI Note ho
Page 131 and 132:
114.] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. 103 -ex, -I
Page 133 and 134:
JI4*.] VARIATION OF SUFFIXES. form.
Page 135 and 136:
1 15.] ACCENT. 107 Neuters in -ap,
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II 6.] GENDER. 109 3. Stems in -ia,
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II 8*.] SECONDARY SUFFIXES. Ill ',
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120.] DENOMINATIVE FORMS. 113 12O.]
Page 143 and 144:
I2I-] DEGREES OF COMPARISON. 115 pe
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124-] PREFIXED STEM. 1 17 that whil
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1 24.] PREFIXED STEM. 119 But in ma
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1 25.] SECOND STEM. 121 Neuters in
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I27-] MEANING OF COMPOUNDS. 123 is
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130.] PROPER NAMES NUMERALS. 125 No
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131.] ADVERBIAL WORDS. 127 CHAPTER
Page 157 and 158:
I35-] ACCUSATIVE. 129 do not expres
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I37-] ACCUSATIVE. 131 hast thou rec
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140.] ACCUSATIVE. 133 yevos /ca/cos
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I43-] DATIVE. 135 The notion ' doin
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I44-] INSTRUMENTAL DATIVE. 137 In t
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1 45-] LOCATIVAL DATIVE. 139 also w
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147-] GENITIVE. 141 the predicate g
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150.] GENITIVE. 143 This use of the
Page 173 and 174:
151.] GENITIVE. 145 The Gen. in thi
Page 175 and 176:
152] ABLATIVAL GENITIVE. 147 o-Y]|j
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156.] FORMS IN -*I(N). 149 fixed co
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1 59-] FORMS IN -0EN AND -112. 151
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162.] NOMINATIVE. 153 ' ' notion th
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164.] VOCATIVE. 155 163.] Interject
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1 66.] ADJECTIVES. 157 expresses qu
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170.] SINGULAR. 159 binations such
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I73-] NEUTER PLURAL DUAL. l6l gener
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176.] PREPOSITIONS. 163 CHAPTER IX.
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178.] TMESIS USE WITH CASES. 165 17
Page 195 and 196:
l8o.] ACCENTUATION. 167 Cases, the
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l8o*.] ACCENTUATION. 169 as wept 6e
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183.] 'AM*I. 171 273, H. Ven. 243 ;
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1 86.] 'AM*I, HEPI. 173 186.] The D
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190.] KEPI, IIAPA. 175 l \ffvxys as
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1 94.] IIAPA, META. be seen in Empe
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198.] META, "EIII. 179 write jjicTa
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aoi.] "Em, Tno. 181 4. The instance
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204.] "rno. 183 In one or two place
Page 213 and 214:
210.] IIPOTI, 'ANA. 185 (3) before,
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2 1 5.] KATA, AIA. 187 (5) to expre
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221.] AIA, "rilEP, ENI, 2TN. 189 1
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225-] EI 2, 'EB, 'AHO, HPO. 191 con
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228.] IMPROPER PREPOSITIONS. 193 In
Page 223 and 224:
230.] INFINITIVE AND PARTICIPLE. 19
Page 225 and 226:
231.] INFINITIVE. 197 Od. 4. 634 5e
Page 227 and 228:
234-] INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT, &C. 19
Page 229 and 230:
237-] WITH RELATIVES WITH HPIN. 2OI
Page 231 and 232:
238.] ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 2
Page 233 and 234:
ATTRACTION. 240.] 205 may have a Pr
Page 235 and 236:
242.] ORIGIN OF THE INFINITIVE. 207
Page 237 and 238:
243-] PARTICIPLE. 209 ceased to be
Page 239 and 240:
244-] TENSES. 211 a preceding Prono
Page 241 and 242:
246.] GENITIVE ABSOLUTE. 213 the ti
Page 243 and 244:
248.] PRONOUNS. 215 CHAPTER XL USES
Page 245 and 246:
*OAE, KEINOS, O'TTOS. 21 J is the w
Page 247 and 248:
253.] ATTO5 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 219
Page 249 and 250:
255-] ^02. 221 original force of th
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255-] "E^. 223 Od. 13. 320 (where t
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257-] THE SUBSTANTIVAL ARTICLE. 225
Page 255 and 256:
259-] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 227
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2.61.] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 229
Page 259 and 260:
262.] THE ARTICLE AS A RELATIVE. 23
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264.] HOMERIC AND ATTIC ARTICLE. 23
Page 263 and 264:
266.] THE RELATIVE. 235 the Correla
Page 265 and 266:
267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 237 2. The
Page 267 and 268:
267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 239 how we
Page 269 and 270:
269.] 'O, C OTI, 'O TE. 241 my daug
Page 271 and 272:
269.] f O, 'OTI, 'O TE. 243 causes
Page 273 and 274:
271.] ORATIO OBL1QUA. 245 It may be
Page 275 and 276:
272.] FORMS OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSE.
Page 277 and 278:
^ 273-] KINDS OF SENTENCE. 249 2. P
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2 75-] SUBJUNCTIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLA
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277-] PRINCIPAL CLAUSES. 253 II. 18
Page 283 and 284:
280.] PROHIBITION SUBORDINATE CLAUS
Page 285 and 286:
282.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 257 S
Page 287 and 288:
283.] RELATIVE CLAUSESCONDITIONAL.
Page 289 and 290:
286.] 'fls, 'onns, 'INA. 261 1 Rega
Page 291 and 292:
289.] '0*PA, 'EH2, 'OTE, 'OHOTE. 26
Page 293 and 294:
. 292.] CLAUSES WITH El. 265 Od. II
Page 295 and 296:
294-] CLAUSES WITH EL 267 Od. II. 1
Page 297 and 298:
297-] 'EIIEI IIPIN. 269 tion of re.
Page 299 and 300:
299-] OPTATIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLAUSES
Page 301 and 302:
300.] WITH KEN OR 'AN. 273 Od. 14.
Page 303 and 304:
303.] DEPENDENT DELIBERATIVE USE. 2
Page 305 and 306:
304.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 277 s
Page 307 and 308:
306.] RELATIVE CLAUSES CONDITIONAL.
Page 309 and 310:
307.] '&2, e onn2, f iNA, 'Ens, 'O*
Page 311 and 312:
310.] 'OTE, 'OHOTE, 'EIIEI, HPIN. 2
Page 313 and 314:
313-] CLAUSES WITH El. 285 312.] Op
Page 315 and 316:
316.] SUMMARY OF USES. 287 So in th
Page 317 and 318:
317.] ORIGINAL MEANING. 289 (6? OVK
Page 319 and 320:
320.] EI-CLAUSES. 291 (3) Wish, wit
Page 321 and 322:
3*3-] INDICATIVE. 293 imply a corre
Page 323 and 324:
324-*] CONDITIONAL CLAUSES. 295 a C
Page 325 and 326:
326.] FUTURE. 297 II. I. 522 dAAa (
Page 327 and 328:
329-] PARTICLES. 299 328.] Prohibit
Page 329 and 330:
332.] KAI, TE. 301 whole condition
Page 331 and 332:
332.] TE. 303 aypta iravra, ra re r
Page 333 and 334:
334-] AE. 305 vovcrov ava (rrparbv
Page 335 and 336:
3350 AE. 307 more than the ordinary
Page 337 and 338:
339-] 'AAAA, ATTAP, 'ATAP, AT, 'H.
Page 339 and 340:
Kt0' 341.] 'HE, TL 311 1 would say
Page 341 and 342:
345-] MAN > can only suppose that a
Page 343 and 344:
346.] MEN, TOI. 315 oovs v(TL (=by
Page 345 and 346:
348.] 'APA, TAP. 317 apa more commo
Page 347 and 348:
350.] TAP, OTN, AH, NY, 0HN. 319 th
Page 349 and 350:
354-] nE P, TE. 321 So with Relativ
Page 351 and 352:
357-] or, MH. 323 The general use o
Page 353 and 354:
359-] lest she have persuaded thee
Page 355 and 356:
362.] MH, KEN, 'AN. 327 I. 37 eTret
Page 357 and 358:
362.] 'AN IN HOMER. 329 and are lir
Page 359 and 360:
363.] KEN, 'AN. 331 II. 4. 164 eao-
Page 361 and 362:
363.] KEN, 'AN. 333 av, on the othe
Page 363 and 364:
"" 365.] KEN, 'AN' ORDER OF PARTICL
Page 365 and 366:
AtyuTrroVSe ORDER. 337 a line which
Page 367 and 368:
irjArfiaSeo) 367.] THE HEXAMETER. 3
Page 369 and 370:
ty/foiou 369.] QUANTITY OF SYLLABLE
Page 371 and 372:
37-] POSITION. 343 p : in 'AQpo&in)
Page 373 and 374:
373-] LENGTHENING BEFORE LIQUIDS. 3
Page 375 and 376:
375-] SHORT FINAL SYLLABLES. 347 ir
Page 377 and 378:
376.] ELISION. 349 In Homer vowel,
Page 379 and 380:
378*.] SYNIZESIS CONTRACTION. 351 m
Page 381 and 382:
378*0 CONTRACTION. 353 II. 4. 161 e
Page 383 and 384:
3 8 -] HIATUS. 355 II. 13. 22 (afyQ
Page 385 and 386:
383.] HIATUS DOUBTFUL SYLLABLES. 35
Page 387 and 388:
384.] DOUBTFUL VOWELS. 359 in i, co
Page 389 and 390:
389-] DIGAMMA. 361 The reason may b
Page 391 and 392:
39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 363 original
Page 393 and 394:
39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 365 Note, how
Page 395 and 396:
39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 367 clXuw. Be
Page 397 and 398:
39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 569 In the on
Page 399 and 400:
393-] INITIAL 7- FOR s o(f)\v OCLVC
Page 401 and 402:
393-] LOSS OF EIGAMMA. 373 chariot
Page 403 and 404:
396.] 8F-, Fp-, MEDIAL F. 375 395.]
Page 405 and 406:
401.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 377
Page 407 and 408:
404.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 379
Page 409 and 410:
404.] DIGAMMA IN THE DIALECTS. 381
Page 411 and 412:
405.] DIGAMMA IN IONIC. 383 KvF6$,
Page 413 and 414:
H AND El IN HOMER. 385 5. The Attic
Page 415 and 416:
PICK'S THEORY. 387 laid in ^Eolis ;
Page 417 and 418:
FICK'S THEORY. 389 Homer, it is nec
Page 419 and 420:
PICK'S THEORY. 391 (AdiYo?, AaoKpir
Page 421 and 422:
FICKS THEORY. 393 5. In his earlier
Page 423 and 424:
FICK'S THEORY. 395 ( /) Many Attic
Page 425 and 426:
NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 397 explains
Page 427 and 428:
NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 399 decided,
Page 429 and 430:
NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 401 similar
Page 431 and 432:
INDEX I. OF HOMERIC FORMS. N.B. The
Page 433 and 434:
INDEX. 405 dvovrrjri IIO. dai 32. I
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8e (use) 257 (i), 259 INDEX. 407
Page 437 and 438:
ip.aprai 22 (6), 23 (2). INDEX. 409
Page 439 and 440:
INDEX. fppT)a 67, 395. 64. 1 eppiya
Page 441 and 442:
m 390- INDEX. 413
Page 443 and 444:
INDEX. 415
Page 445 and 446:
INDEX. 417 * '/* X
Page 447 and 448:
. INDEX. 419 124 c. 7T\r)cri(rTios
Page 449 and 450:
INDEX. 421 55.(9). 82. rpooxao) 55
Page 451 and 452:
INDEX II. OF SUBJECTS. N.B. The fig
Page 453 and 454:
INDEX. 425 Deictic Pronouns 247 : o
Page 455 and 456:
INDEX. 427 Defining Art. 261 (i, 3)
Page 457 and 458:
INDEX. 429 Supposition: Opt. of 299
Page 459 and 460:
85 INDEX. 43 1
Page 461 and 462:
574 INDEX. 433
Page 463 and 464:
INDEX. 435 140
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21/5/98 (Llarenbon press, rforb. SE
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STANDARD GREEK WORKS. 2. STANDARD G
Page 469 and 470:
STANDARD GREEK WORKS. Euripides. An
Page 471 and 472:
MISCELLANEOUS STANDARD WORKS. 3. MI
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