A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

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400 APPENDIX. pp. 2 1 ff.) as the result of a primitive contraction, or Crasis, with the final vowel of the first part : e. g. o/ucowjuo? for opo-ovvnos. The chief argument for this view is that the lengthening is only found in stems beginning with a vowel a fact which can hardly be accounted for on any other i supposition. Such cases as Wv/ios in , which no contraction can have taken place, may be extensions by analogy of the original type. It is to be understood of course that the contraction was governed by different laws from those which obtain in the Greek which we know. The chief rule is that the resulting long vowel is fixed by the second of the two concurrent vowels : o/^yupis for 6/*oayvpis, 7re/u7ra)/3oXoi/ for ne/jLire-oôXov, &c. Whether this was a primitive phonetic rule, or partly due to the working of analogy, it finds an exact parallel in the Temporal Augment, which must have been due to the influence of a prefix e- upon the initial vowel of the verb-stem. We may compare also the Subjunctive forms dvvdpai, rift/m, &c. ( 81). Thus the later contraction, as in (r/c^Trrovôy, AuxoCpyos, stands in the same relation to the older forms now in question as erôi/, &c. (with ct for ee) to 77X0, wpova, &C. The primitive Indo-European 'sandhi,' crasis of the final vowel of one word with the initial vowel of the next, was generally given up in Greek, and the system of elision took its place. In Compounds we constantly find elision of a short final vowel along with the lengthening (which is then a mere survival) : as eV-^paros, dfjLcp-ijpio-Tos, (p6io--r)i>(op (cp. $$im'-/i/3poroj). But lengthening does not take place if the vowel is long by position (e. g. eVep-aX^y, 'AXe^-ai/fyw, avails), which seems to indicate that the preservation though not the origin of the lengthened stem was a matter of rhythm (as in -repos). Other exceptions to the rule of lengthening may be variously explained. In some cases, as Wackernagel suggests (p. 51), an initial short vowel may have been retained from the original formation as in the : ancient Compounds poiTidvcipa (avridveipa, Kvdidveipa), dpyiodovTcs, evpiWa, cvpvdyvia, where the metre stood in the way of lengthening by analogy. More generally it is a mark of lateness : e. g. in the forms compounded with TT&V-, as Tra^-OTTor/io?, Trav-ctfprjXig, Trav-iuapios, Hav-a%aioi, and with Prepositions, as ev-apitifjuos, vnevavrios (p. 55). Such words as mV aperrjs (II. 16. 31), XajSp-ayo'pqs (II. 23. 4^9), dv-6\e0pos (II. 13. 761 TOVS 6* tvp ovKTi Trdpnav drrr)fj,ovas ov& dvoXeflpovs), dvaTToivov (II. I. 99), dw-apio-TOTOKfia (II. 18. 54), have all the appearance of being of the poet's own coinage. On the view here taken the lengthening in \viKap7ros and the
NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 401 similar cases given at the end of the section must be otherwise explained. It is probably of the kind noticed in 386. 170 (p. 159). Another example of the distributive use of the Singular is Od. 13. 78 dveppiirTow aXa jrrjda they threw up the salt sea (each) with his oar-Hade. So in the recurring phrase of the Odyssey a\a TVTTTOV eper/xots we should probably read eper/xw ( 102), which may be similarly distributive. Or we may take eperjuo'y in a collective sense, oarage. 173, 2 (p. 162). For the use of the Dual with a large number which contains the numeral Suo, cp. irevraKoa-Lais eiKoo-i Svolv Spa^/Mao/ in an Attic inscription of the 5th century (Meisterhans, p. 45, 4). This is a good parallel to Od. 8. 35, 48 Kovpa> 8va> 8eica a-Tarrjpavs rj dvadeiea Dd
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JS I LIBRARY
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HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRES
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PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY H
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IT ma
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IX cl
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XI ne
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE
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CHAPTER I. The Person-Endings. PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xvil CHAPTER III
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix PAGE 161. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXI PAGE 243. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xxill CHAPTER XI
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HOMEHIC GRAMMAR CHAPTER I. INTRODUC
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. , O b b ? o ^>
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. 5 suffer Hyphae
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6.] VARIATION OF STEM. 7 Sing. Indi
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8.] MIDDLE VOICE. 9 answering to -a
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10.] THE TENSES. II This we shall c
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12.] NON-THEMATIC PRESENT. 13 Mid.
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I4-] NON-THEMATIC AORIST. 15 (Hes.
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1 6.] NON-THEMATIC TENSES. T; i8-ju
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1 8.] THEMATIC FORMS. 19 ebibovs, e
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1 9.] NON-THEMATIC CONTRACTED VERBS
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22.] THE PERFECT. (1) tj (d) and a:
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2,2,.] THE PERFECT. ' 25 When the S
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24-] REDUPLICATION. 2/ (4) Temporal
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26.] PARTICIPLE. 29 weak Stem, but
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28.] MEANING. 31 Pluperfects Sci'Si
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30.] THEMATIC PRESENT. 33 The forms
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31.] THEMATIC AORIST. 35 The forms
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33-] THEMATIC AORIST. 37 48, 51). W
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36.] REDUPLICATED PRESENT AND AORIS
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39-] AORIST IN -2A. 41 acu ', eVay,
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41.] AORIST IN -SE(O). 43 sionally
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45-] THEMATIC PRESENT WITH SUFFIX.
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49-] ITERATIVE CLASS. 47 in mjut-Tr
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53-] /-CLASS. 49 (3) -iw : TrvOi-To
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55-] ASSIMILATION. 51 (d) With leng
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55-] ASSIMILATION. 53 have been ret
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57-] CONTRACTION SYNIZESIS. 55 2. V
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63.] FUTURE. 57 0VT) 1 stay waiting
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66.] FUTURE. 59 the accent ot the F
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68.] AUGMENT. 6l (2) In several wor
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71.] IMPERFECT. 63 instances of the
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7
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79-1 AORIST MEANING. 67 speaker put
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8l.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 69 For 6iSo, &c.,
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82.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 71 (II. 3. 353).
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84.] VERBAL NOUNS. 73 The so-called
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87.] PARTICIPLE. 75 (Sanscr. vid-ma
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89.] ACCENT. 77 following the Prepo
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93-] CASE-ENDINGS. 79 which forms t
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96.] SINGULAR. 8l 95.] Original d a
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99-] SINGULAR. 83 98.] Genitive Sin
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102.] PLURAL. 85 Stems in -u, Gen.
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105.] CONTRACTION, &C. 87 vav-(f)iv
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106] STEM VARIATION. 89 a ' strong
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107.] HETEROCLITE NOUNS. 9! ovbas,
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109.] ADVERBS. 93 In the Compound O
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110.] ADVERBS. 95 confirmed by the
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III.] ACCENT. 97 avrrjv (avTiov, tv
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IT3-] NOUN FORMATION. 99 CHAPTER VI
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II4-] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. IOI Note ho
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114.] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. 103 -ex, -I
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JI4*.] VARIATION OF SUFFIXES. form.
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1 15.] ACCENT. 107 Neuters in -ap,
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II 6.] GENDER. 109 3. Stems in -ia,
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II 8*.] SECONDARY SUFFIXES. Ill ',
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120.] DENOMINATIVE FORMS. 113 12O.]
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I2I-] DEGREES OF COMPARISON. 115 pe
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124-] PREFIXED STEM. 1 17 that whil
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1 24.] PREFIXED STEM. 119 But in ma
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1 25.] SECOND STEM. 121 Neuters in
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I27-] MEANING OF COMPOUNDS. 123 is
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130.] PROPER NAMES NUMERALS. 125 No
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131.] ADVERBIAL WORDS. 127 CHAPTER
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I35-] ACCUSATIVE. 129 do not expres
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I37-] ACCUSATIVE. 131 hast thou rec
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140.] ACCUSATIVE. 133 yevos /ca/cos
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I43-] DATIVE. 135 The notion ' doin
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I44-] INSTRUMENTAL DATIVE. 137 In t
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1 45-] LOCATIVAL DATIVE. 139 also w
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147-] GENITIVE. 141 the predicate g
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150.] GENITIVE. 143 This use of the
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151.] GENITIVE. 145 The Gen. in thi
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152] ABLATIVAL GENITIVE. 147 o-Y]|j
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156.] FORMS IN -*I(N). 149 fixed co
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1 59-] FORMS IN -0EN AND -112. 151
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162.] NOMINATIVE. 153 ' ' notion th
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164.] VOCATIVE. 155 163.] Interject
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1 66.] ADJECTIVES. 157 expresses qu
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170.] SINGULAR. 159 binations such
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I73-] NEUTER PLURAL DUAL. l6l gener
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176.] PREPOSITIONS. 163 CHAPTER IX.
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178.] TMESIS USE WITH CASES. 165 17
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l8o.] ACCENTUATION. 167 Cases, the
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l8o*.] ACCENTUATION. 169 as wept 6e
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183.] 'AM*I. 171 273, H. Ven. 243 ;
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1 86.] 'AM*I, HEPI. 173 186.] The D
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190.] KEPI, IIAPA. 175 l \ffvxys as
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1 94.] IIAPA, META. be seen in Empe
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198.] META, "EIII. 179 write jjicTa
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aoi.] "Em, Tno. 181 4. The instance
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204.] "rno. 183 In one or two place
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210.] IIPOTI, 'ANA. 185 (3) before,
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2 1 5.] KATA, AIA. 187 (5) to expre
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221.] AIA, "rilEP, ENI, 2TN. 189 1
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225-] EI 2, 'EB, 'AHO, HPO. 191 con
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228.] IMPROPER PREPOSITIONS. 193 In
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230.] INFINITIVE AND PARTICIPLE. 19
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231.] INFINITIVE. 197 Od. 4. 634 5e
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234-] INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT, &C. 19
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237-] WITH RELATIVES WITH HPIN. 2OI
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238.] ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 2
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ATTRACTION. 240.] 205 may have a Pr
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242.] ORIGIN OF THE INFINITIVE. 207
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243-] PARTICIPLE. 209 ceased to be
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244-] TENSES. 211 a preceding Prono
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246.] GENITIVE ABSOLUTE. 213 the ti
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248.] PRONOUNS. 215 CHAPTER XL USES
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*OAE, KEINOS, O'TTOS. 21 J is the w
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253.] ATTO5 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 219
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255-] ^02. 221 original force of th
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255-] "E^. 223 Od. 13. 320 (where t
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257-] THE SUBSTANTIVAL ARTICLE. 225
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259-] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 227
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2.61.] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 229
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262.] THE ARTICLE AS A RELATIVE. 23
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264.] HOMERIC AND ATTIC ARTICLE. 23
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266.] THE RELATIVE. 235 the Correla
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 237 2. The
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 239 how we
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269.] 'O, C OTI, 'O TE. 241 my daug
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269.] f O, 'OTI, 'O TE. 243 causes
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271.] ORATIO OBL1QUA. 245 It may be
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272.] FORMS OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSE.
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^ 273-] KINDS OF SENTENCE. 249 2. P
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2 75-] SUBJUNCTIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLA
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277-] PRINCIPAL CLAUSES. 253 II. 18
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280.] PROHIBITION SUBORDINATE CLAUS
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282.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 257 S
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283.] RELATIVE CLAUSESCONDITIONAL.
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286.] 'fls, 'onns, 'INA. 261 1 Rega
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289.] '0*PA, 'EH2, 'OTE, 'OHOTE. 26
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. 292.] CLAUSES WITH El. 265 Od. II
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294-] CLAUSES WITH EL 267 Od. II. 1
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297-] 'EIIEI IIPIN. 269 tion of re.
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299-] OPTATIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLAUSES
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300.] WITH KEN OR 'AN. 273 Od. 14.
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303.] DEPENDENT DELIBERATIVE USE. 2
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304.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 277 s
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306.] RELATIVE CLAUSES CONDITIONAL.
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307.] '&2, e onn2, f iNA, 'Ens, 'O*
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310.] 'OTE, 'OHOTE, 'EIIEI, HPIN. 2
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313-] CLAUSES WITH El. 285 312.] Op
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316.] SUMMARY OF USES. 287 So in th
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317.] ORIGINAL MEANING. 289 (6? OVK
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320.] EI-CLAUSES. 291 (3) Wish, wit
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3*3-] INDICATIVE. 293 imply a corre
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324-*] CONDITIONAL CLAUSES. 295 a C
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326.] FUTURE. 297 II. I. 522 dAAa (
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329-] PARTICLES. 299 328.] Prohibit
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332.] KAI, TE. 301 whole condition
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332.] TE. 303 aypta iravra, ra re r
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334-] AE. 305 vovcrov ava (rrparbv
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3350 AE. 307 more than the ordinary
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339-] 'AAAA, ATTAP, 'ATAP, AT, 'H.
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Kt0' 341.] 'HE, TL 311 1 would say
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345-] MAN > can only suppose that a
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346.] MEN, TOI. 315 oovs v(TL (=by
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348.] 'APA, TAP. 317 apa more commo
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350.] TAP, OTN, AH, NY, 0HN. 319 th
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354-] nE P, TE. 321 So with Relativ
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357-] or, MH. 323 The general use o
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359-] lest she have persuaded thee
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362.] MH, KEN, 'AN. 327 I. 37 eTret
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362.] 'AN IN HOMER. 329 and are lir
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 331 II. 4. 164 eao-
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 333 av, on the othe
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"" 365.] KEN, 'AN' ORDER OF PARTICL
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AtyuTrroVSe ORDER. 337 a line which
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irjArfiaSeo) 367.] THE HEXAMETER. 3
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ty/foiou 369.] QUANTITY OF SYLLABLE
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37-] POSITION. 343 p : in 'AQpo&in)
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373-] LENGTHENING BEFORE LIQUIDS. 3
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375-] SHORT FINAL SYLLABLES. 347 ir
Page 377 and 378: 376.] ELISION. 349 In Homer vowel,
Page 379 and 380: 378*.] SYNIZESIS CONTRACTION. 351 m
Page 381 and 382: 378*0 CONTRACTION. 353 II. 4. 161 e
Page 383 and 384: 3 8 -] HIATUS. 355 II. 13. 22 (afyQ
Page 385 and 386: 383.] HIATUS DOUBTFUL SYLLABLES. 35
Page 387 and 388: 384.] DOUBTFUL VOWELS. 359 in i, co
Page 389 and 390: 389-] DIGAMMA. 361 The reason may b
Page 391 and 392: 39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 363 original
Page 393 and 394: 39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 365 Note, how
Page 395 and 396: 39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 367 clXuw. Be
Page 397 and 398: 39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 569 In the on
Page 399 and 400: 393-] INITIAL 7- FOR s o(f)\v OCLVC
Page 401 and 402: 393-] LOSS OF EIGAMMA. 373 chariot
Page 403 and 404: 396.] 8F-, Fp-, MEDIAL F. 375 395.]
Page 405 and 406: 401.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 377
Page 407 and 408: 404.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 379
Page 409 and 410: 404.] DIGAMMA IN THE DIALECTS. 381
Page 411 and 412: 405.] DIGAMMA IN IONIC. 383 KvF6$,
Page 413 and 414: H AND El IN HOMER. 385 5. The Attic
Page 415 and 416: PICK'S THEORY. 387 laid in Êolis ;
Page 417 and 418: FICK'S THEORY. 389 Homer, it is nec
Page 419 and 420: PICK'S THEORY. 391 (AdiYo?, AaoKpir
Page 421 and 422: FICKS THEORY. 393 5. In his earlier
Page 423 and 424: FICK'S THEORY. 395 ( /) Many Attic
Page 425 and 426: NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 397 explains
Page 427: NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 399 decided,
Page 431 and 432: INDEX I. OF HOMERIC FORMS. N.B. The
Page 433 and 434: INDEX. 405 dvovrrjri IIO. dai 32. I
Page 435 and 436: 8e (use) 257 (i), 259 INDEX. 407
Page 437 and 438: ip.aprai 22 (6), 23 (2). INDEX. 409
Page 439 and 440: INDEX. fppT)a 67, 395. 64. 1 eppiya
Page 441 and 442: m 390- INDEX. 413
Page 443 and 444: INDEX. 415
Page 445 and 446: INDEX. 417 * '/* X
Page 447 and 448: . INDEX. 419 124 c. 7T\r)cri(rTios
Page 449 and 450: INDEX. 421 55.(9). 82. rpooxao) 55
Page 451 and 452: INDEX II. OF SUBJECTS. N.B. The fig
Page 453 and 454: INDEX. 425 Deictic Pronouns 247 : o
Page 455 and 456: INDEX. 427 Defining Art. 261 (i, 3)
Page 457 and 458: INDEX. 429 Supposition: Opt. of 299
Page 459 and 460: 85 INDEX. 43 1
Page 461 and 462: 574 INDEX. 433
Page 463 and 464: INDEX. 435 140
Page 465 and 466: 21/5/98 (Llarenbon press, rforb. SE
Page 467 and 468: STANDARD GREEK WORKS. 2. STANDARD G
Page 469 and 470: STANDARD GREEK WORKS. Euripides. An
Page 471 and 472: MISCELLANEOUS STANDARD WORKS. 3. MI
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