A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

II4-] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. IOI
Note however that in Homer the Substantive is 0dpo-os (for which dpaaos
occurs only once, II. 14. 416), the Adj. always flpao-us ;
so that a distinction of
quantity is kept up in place of the original distinction between * Oepffos and
Opaavs. On Olpaos as the original Greek form see Osthoff, M. U. ii. 49.
t and o appear in these Stems as in the Present tense ( 29) :
e.g. ply-os cold, \l/v-^-os warmth, Kvb-os glory.
-wcr, -oo-; in ^cos (Sanscr. ush-ds) dawn, albas shame, and in
the older declension of ye'AoK, 16/50)9, ol&v, t'xwp ( 107 ad fin.).
The Stem is probably in the weak form ;
see 30.
-a, -w, -ov, -wi> : e. g. Tep-rjv, Gen. -V-os (retpco) soft, apa--r]v
male, av^-r\v neck ; ire-ir-ov (Voc.) tender one, apriy-ov-es defenders,
TKTO)v, ',
7Tpi-KTiovs ayK-tov, Gen. -&V-OS eluow, ayvv, aWojv.
Fern, -aim (-az^-ta),
in Xeat^a imitated :
by way of sarcasm in
et-aiva 8. (II. 5).
-IT, -on-, in Participles, and in a few Substantives, as bpaK-u>v
a serpent, lit. the ' staring ' animal (8epK-o/xdt), Ttv-av, ytpw.
-ar, in oblique Cases of Neuter Nouns as (vba>p), vbar-os, &c.
The a of this Suffix represents the weak form of a nasal syllable ;
see 38, and 1 14*, 8, c.
-O.VT, notably in Compounds, as aK.a^as, abacas, Tro\vT\as.
-a.v, in rd\as, fxeAas : perhaps originally Stems in -avr, which
have followed the analogy of -ei>, -ov (Meyer, G. G. p. 304).
-6Q, -wp) -ap; as arjp (aF-^p) air, alO-r]p (aW-u>) bright sky,
ba-rip husband's brother (levir) ; e'A-cop booty, vb-ap water ; /ua/c-ap
great (II.
II. 68), eap spring.
-op in the Homeric aop sivord, ^rop breast is perhaps only the
^Eolic form of -ap (-r).
As to the Nom. and Ace. Neut. forms
in -wp see 114*, 8, d.
-CO, -k is very rare in Greek as a Primary Suffix : B
ragman n
gives epetV-ta ruins and (post-Horn.) ay-tos, orrvy-ios, o-^ay-iov,
irdy-ios.
We may add ra^-ir] dispenser, irev-ir] 'poverty
: also bios
(biF-io-s) bright, irefos (7re8-)
on foot, Kpab-trj (nyp
for Kr/p-8) heart,
in which the Stem is a Root-Noun.
The word d-oo-cnr)-Tif|p helper pre-supposes a Stem ocro-o- for aoK-io-, answering
to Latin soc-iu-s (seq-, Gr. ITT-).
In aAAos (al-ius}, peaaos (medius), 8ei6s the Suffix appears to give the force of
a Comparative : see Brugmann, Grundr. ii. 63, p. 125.