A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

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I08 NOUN FORMATION. [ll6. itive Masculines in -rrj-s, which are Nouns of the Agent, can generally be distinguished from the Denominatives in -TTJS ( 117) : e. g. ayoprjrris a speaker, but vavrris a ship-man. 9. Abstract Nouns in -TI, -at are barytone in -TU ; oxytone. It will be seen that, roughly speaking, when the Verbal Stem is in the weak form, the Suffix is accented, and vice versa : also that words with an active meaning (applicable to a personal agenf) are oxytone, those with a passive meaning (expressing the thing done) are barytone. 116.] Gender. The Gender of Nouns is determined in most cases by the Suffix. The following rules do not apply to Compounds, as to which see 125. 1 . Stems in -o are Masc. or Neut., with some exceptions, as obos, arapiros, KeAeuflos, vrjaos, (frrjyos, aju/TreAo?, vocros, ratypos, \lsf)(pos, 0-77080?, \l/dij,a8os, pa/35o?, SOKO'J, pivos, TT/OO'-XOOJ. In these the change of gender seems to be due to the meaning. K\VTOS is used as a Fern, in II. 2. 742 K\VTOS 'iTTTroSa/êta. In Od. 4. 406 TriKpbv a-JTOTrveiovo-ai, . . objjnjv it is best to take TTLKpov as an adverb, not with 68ju?jy : cp. II. 6. 182. FIvAo? has the two epithets fffjLaOoeis and TjyaOer], and is probably therefore of both Genders. 2. Stems in -TJ (for -a) are mainly Fern. ; but Stems in -TTJ denoting an agent are Masc., as SeK-rrj-s a beggar, alyj^r)-Tr\-s a warrior. Also, iropKrj-s the ring of a spear, Tr]-s comrade, rajuu?]-s dispenser, verjvirj-s a youth, perhaps ayyeA- 117-9 a messenger ; also the proper names Bo/>ea-?, 'Ep/xeuz-s, Alvfta-$, A^yeta-9, Tet/oecrta-?, 'Ay^to-?]-?, 'Afity-s. The Masc. Nouns in -as, -r]s are probably formed originally from Feminine abstract or collective Nouns in -a, -TJ. The first step is the use of the word as a concrete : cp. Od. 22. 209 6/Â.iKtT) 8e /xot eo-o-t thou art one of the same age (6/xrpuf) with me ; II. 12. 213 brjjjiov eovra leing one of the common people. So in Latin magistrates, potestas (Juv. 10. ico), optio : English a relation ( = a, relative). The next step is the change to the Masc., which leads to the use of the Endings -TJS, Gen. -ao on the analogy of the Masc. -05, Gen. -oio. We may compare Fr. un trompette bearer of a trumpet, Italian il podesta the magistrate, where the change of meaning is marked by the gender only. So errj-s is probably from a word crfe-rrj kindred, from vtrjvirj-s a Fern, verfvirj youth, ayyt\(-r\-
II 6.] GENDER. 109 3. Stems in -ia, -IS, -a8 are Fern. ; also most Stems in -t. But IJLCLV-TI-S is Masc., and some Adjectives 'ib-pi-s, rp6(j)-i-s, fvvt-s are of all genders. Mase. Nouns in -o sometimes form a Fern, in -i, -18, -u8 : as 0ovpo-s, Fern. 6ovpi-s (Ace. Oovpi-v, Gen. 6ovpib-os) ; (/>op-To-s burden,
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JS I LIBRARY
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HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRES
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PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY H
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IT ma
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. IX cl
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. XI ne
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. THE
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CHAPTER I. The Person-Endings. PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xvil CHAPTER III
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xix PAGE 161. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. XXI PAGE 243. Th
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. xxill CHAPTER XI
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HOMEHIC GRAMMAR CHAPTER I. INTRODUC
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. , O b b ? o ^>
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5-] PERSON-ENDINGS. 5 suffer Hyphae
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6.] VARIATION OF STEM. 7 Sing. Indi
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8.] MIDDLE VOICE. 9 answering to -a
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10.] THE TENSES. II This we shall c
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12.] NON-THEMATIC PRESENT. 13 Mid.
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I4-] NON-THEMATIC AORIST. 15 (Hes.
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1 6.] NON-THEMATIC TENSES. T; i8-ju
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1 8.] THEMATIC FORMS. 19 ebibovs, e
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1 9.] NON-THEMATIC CONTRACTED VERBS
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22.] THE PERFECT. (1) tj (d) and a:
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2,2,.] THE PERFECT. ' 25 When the S
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24-] REDUPLICATION. 2/ (4) Temporal
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26.] PARTICIPLE. 29 weak Stem, but
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28.] MEANING. 31 Pluperfects Sci'Si
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30.] THEMATIC PRESENT. 33 The forms
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31.] THEMATIC AORIST. 35 The forms
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33-] THEMATIC AORIST. 37 48, 51). W
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36.] REDUPLICATED PRESENT AND AORIS
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39-] AORIST IN -2A. 41 acu ', eVay,
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41.] AORIST IN -SE(O). 43 sionally
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45-] THEMATIC PRESENT WITH SUFFIX.
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49-] ITERATIVE CLASS. 47 in mjut-Tr
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53-] /-CLASS. 49 (3) -iw : TrvOi-To
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55-] ASSIMILATION. 51 (d) With leng
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55-] ASSIMILATION. 53 have been ret
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57-] CONTRACTION SYNIZESIS. 55 2. V
Page 85 and 86: 63.] FUTURE. 57 0VT) 1 stay waiting
Page 87 and 88: 66.] FUTURE. 59 the accent ot the F
Page 89 and 90: 68.] AUGMENT. 6l (2) In several wor
Page 91 and 92: 71.] IMPERFECT. 63 instances of the
Page 93 and 94: 7
Page 95 and 96: 79-1 AORIST MEANING. 67 speaker put
Page 97 and 98: 8l.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 69 For 6iSo, &c.,
Page 99 and 100: 82.] SUBJUNCTIVE. 71 (II. 3. 353).
Page 101 and 102: 84.] VERBAL NOUNS. 73 The so-called
Page 103 and 104: 87.] PARTICIPLE. 75 (Sanscr. vid-ma
Page 105 and 106: 89.] ACCENT. 77 following the Prepo
Page 107 and 108: 93-] CASE-ENDINGS. 79 which forms t
Page 109 and 110: 96.] SINGULAR. 8l 95.] Original d a
Page 111 and 112: 99-] SINGULAR. 83 98.] Genitive Sin
Page 113 and 114: 102.] PLURAL. 85 Stems in -u, Gen.
Page 115 and 116: 105.] CONTRACTION, &C. 87 vav-(f)iv
Page 117 and 118: 106] STEM VARIATION. 89 a ' strong
Page 119 and 120: 107.] HETEROCLITE NOUNS. 9! ovbas,
Page 121 and 122: 109.] ADVERBS. 93 In the Compound O
Page 123 and 124: 110.] ADVERBS. 95 confirmed by the
Page 125 and 126: III.] ACCENT. 97 avrrjv (avTiov, tv
Page 127 and 128: IT3-] NOUN FORMATION. 99 CHAPTER VI
Page 129 and 130: II4-] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. IOI Note ho
Page 131 and 132: 114.] PRIMARY SUFFIXES. 103 -ex, -I
Page 133 and 134: JI4*.] VARIATION OF SUFFIXES. form.
Page 135: 1 15.] ACCENT. 107 Neuters in -ap,
Page 139 and 140: II 8*.] SECONDARY SUFFIXES. Ill ',
Page 141 and 142: 120.] DENOMINATIVE FORMS. 113 12O.]
Page 143 and 144: I2I-] DEGREES OF COMPARISON. 115 pe
Page 145 and 146: 124-] PREFIXED STEM. 1 17 that whil
Page 147 and 148: 1 24.] PREFIXED STEM. 119 But in ma
Page 149 and 150: 1 25.] SECOND STEM. 121 Neuters in
Page 151 and 152: I27-] MEANING OF COMPOUNDS. 123 is
Page 153 and 154: 130.] PROPER NAMES NUMERALS. 125 No
Page 155 and 156: 131.] ADVERBIAL WORDS. 127 CHAPTER
Page 157 and 158: I35-] ACCUSATIVE. 129 do not expres
Page 159 and 160: I37-] ACCUSATIVE. 131 hast thou rec
Page 161 and 162: 140.] ACCUSATIVE. 133 yevos /ca/cos
Page 163 and 164: I43-] DATIVE. 135 The notion ' doin
Page 165 and 166: I44-] INSTRUMENTAL DATIVE. 137 In t
Page 167 and 168: 1 45-] LOCATIVAL DATIVE. 139 also w
Page 169 and 170: 147-] GENITIVE. 141 the predicate g
Page 171 and 172: 150.] GENITIVE. 143 This use of the
Page 173 and 174: 151.] GENITIVE. 145 The Gen. in thi
Page 175 and 176: 152] ABLATIVAL GENITIVE. 147 o-Y]|j
Page 177 and 178: 156.] FORMS IN -*I(N). 149 fixed co
Page 179 and 180: 1 59-] FORMS IN -0EN AND -112. 151
Page 181 and 182: 162.] NOMINATIVE. 153 ' ' notion th
Page 183 and 184: 164.] VOCATIVE. 155 163.] Interject
Page 185 and 186: 1 66.] ADJECTIVES. 157 expresses qu
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170.] SINGULAR. 159 binations such
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I73-] NEUTER PLURAL DUAL. l6l gener
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176.] PREPOSITIONS. 163 CHAPTER IX.
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178.] TMESIS USE WITH CASES. 165 17
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l8o.] ACCENTUATION. 167 Cases, the
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l8o*.] ACCENTUATION. 169 as wept 6e
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183.] 'AM*I. 171 273, H. Ven. 243 ;
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1 86.] 'AM*I, HEPI. 173 186.] The D
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190.] KEPI, IIAPA. 175 l \ffvxys as
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1 94.] IIAPA, META. be seen in Empe
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198.] META, "EIII. 179 write jjicTa
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aoi.] "Em, Tno. 181 4. The instance
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204.] "rno. 183 In one or two place
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210.] IIPOTI, 'ANA. 185 (3) before,
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2 1 5.] KATA, AIA. 187 (5) to expre
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221.] AIA, "rilEP, ENI, 2TN. 189 1
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225-] EI 2, 'EB, 'AHO, HPO. 191 con
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228.] IMPROPER PREPOSITIONS. 193 In
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230.] INFINITIVE AND PARTICIPLE. 19
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231.] INFINITIVE. 197 Od. 4. 634 5e
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234-] INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT, &C. 19
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237-] WITH RELATIVES WITH HPIN. 2OI
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238.] ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 2
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ATTRACTION. 240.] 205 may have a Pr
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242.] ORIGIN OF THE INFINITIVE. 207
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243-] PARTICIPLE. 209 ceased to be
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244-] TENSES. 211 a preceding Prono
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246.] GENITIVE ABSOLUTE. 213 the ti
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248.] PRONOUNS. 215 CHAPTER XL USES
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*OAE, KEINOS, O'TTOS. 21 J is the w
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253.] ATTO5 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 219
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255-] ^02. 221 original force of th
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255-] "E^. 223 Od. 13. 320 (where t
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257-] THE SUBSTANTIVAL ARTICLE. 225
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259-] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 227
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2.61.] THE ATTRIBUTIVE ARTICLE. 229
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262.] THE ARTICLE AS A RELATIVE. 23
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264.] HOMERIC AND ATTIC ARTICLE. 23
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266.] THE RELATIVE. 235 the Correla
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 237 2. The
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267.] RELATIVE CLAUSES. 239 how we
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269.] 'O, C OTI, 'O TE. 241 my daug
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269.] f O, 'OTI, 'O TE. 243 causes
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271.] ORATIO OBL1QUA. 245 It may be
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272.] FORMS OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSE.
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^ 273-] KINDS OF SENTENCE. 249 2. P
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2 75-] SUBJUNCTIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLA
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277-] PRINCIPAL CLAUSES. 253 II. 18
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280.] PROHIBITION SUBORDINATE CLAUS
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282.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 257 S
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283.] RELATIVE CLAUSESCONDITIONAL.
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286.] 'fls, 'onns, 'INA. 261 1 Rega
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289.] '0*PA, 'EH2, 'OTE, 'OHOTE. 26
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. 292.] CLAUSES WITH El. 265 Od. II
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294-] CLAUSES WITH EL 267 Od. II. 1
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297-] 'EIIEI IIPIN. 269 tion of re.
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299-] OPTATIVE IN PRINCIPAL CLAUSES
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300.] WITH KEN OR 'AN. 273 Od. 14.
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303.] DEPENDENT DELIBERATIVE USE. 2
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304.] RELATIVE CLAUSES FINAL. 277 s
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306.] RELATIVE CLAUSES CONDITIONAL.
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307.] '&2, e onn2, f iNA, 'Ens, 'O*
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310.] 'OTE, 'OHOTE, 'EIIEI, HPIN. 2
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313-] CLAUSES WITH El. 285 312.] Op
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316.] SUMMARY OF USES. 287 So in th
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317.] ORIGINAL MEANING. 289 (6? OVK
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320.] EI-CLAUSES. 291 (3) Wish, wit
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3*3-] INDICATIVE. 293 imply a corre
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324-*] CONDITIONAL CLAUSES. 295 a C
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326.] FUTURE. 297 II. I. 522 dAAa (
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329-] PARTICLES. 299 328.] Prohibit
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332.] KAI, TE. 301 whole condition
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332.] TE. 303 aypta iravra, ra re r
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334-] AE. 305 vovcrov ava (rrparbv
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3350 AE. 307 more than the ordinary
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339-] 'AAAA, ATTAP, 'ATAP, AT, 'H.
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Kt0' 341.] 'HE, TL 311 1 would say
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345-] MAN > can only suppose that a
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346.] MEN, TOI. 315 oovs v(TL (=by
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348.] 'APA, TAP. 317 apa more commo
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350.] TAP, OTN, AH, NY, 0HN. 319 th
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354-] nE P, TE. 321 So with Relativ
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357-] or, MH. 323 The general use o
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359-] lest she have persuaded thee
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362.] MH, KEN, 'AN. 327 I. 37 eTret
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362.] 'AN IN HOMER. 329 and are lir
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 331 II. 4. 164 eao-
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363.] KEN, 'AN. 333 av, on the othe
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"" 365.] KEN, 'AN' ORDER OF PARTICL
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AtyuTrroVSe ORDER. 337 a line which
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irjArfiaSeo) 367.] THE HEXAMETER. 3
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ty/foiou 369.] QUANTITY OF SYLLABLE
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37-] POSITION. 343 p : in 'AQpo&in)
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373-] LENGTHENING BEFORE LIQUIDS. 3
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375-] SHORT FINAL SYLLABLES. 347 ir
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376.] ELISION. 349 In Homer vowel,
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378*.] SYNIZESIS CONTRACTION. 351 m
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378*0 CONTRACTION. 353 II. 4. 161 e
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3 8 -] HIATUS. 355 II. 13. 22 (afyQ
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383.] HIATUS DOUBTFUL SYLLABLES. 35
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384.] DOUBTFUL VOWELS. 359 in i, co
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389-] DIGAMMA. 361 The reason may b
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 363 original
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 365 Note, how
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 367 clXuw. Be
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39-] INITIAL DIGAMMA. 569 In the on
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393-] INITIAL 7- FOR s o(f)\v OCLVC
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393-] LOSS OF EIGAMMA. 373 chariot
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396.] 8F-, Fp-, MEDIAL F. 375 395.]
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401.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 377
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404.] THEORIES OF THE DIGAMMA. 379
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404.] DIGAMMA IN THE DIALECTS. 381
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405.] DIGAMMA IN IONIC. 383 KvF6$,
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H AND El IN HOMER. 385 5. The Attic
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PICK'S THEORY. 387 laid in Êolis ;
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FICK'S THEORY. 389 Homer, it is nec
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PICK'S THEORY. 391 (AdiYo?, AaoKpir
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FICKS THEORY. 393 5. In his earlier
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FICK'S THEORY. 395 ( /) Many Attic
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 397 explains
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 399 decided,
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NOTES AND CORRECTIONS. 401 similar
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INDEX I. OF HOMERIC FORMS. N.B. The
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INDEX. 405 dvovrrjri IIO. dai 32. I
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8e (use) 257 (i), 259 INDEX. 407
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ip.aprai 22 (6), 23 (2). INDEX. 409
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INDEX. fppT)a 67, 395. 64. 1 eppiya
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m 390- INDEX. 413
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INDEX. 415
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INDEX. 417 * '/* X
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. INDEX. 419 124 c. 7T\r)cri(rTios
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INDEX. 421 55.(9). 82. rpooxao) 55
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INDEX II. OF SUBJECTS. N.B. The fig
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INDEX. 425 Deictic Pronouns 247 : o
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INDEX. 427 Defining Art. 261 (i, 3)
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INDEX. 429 Supposition: Opt. of 299
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85 INDEX. 43 1
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574 INDEX. 433
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INDEX. 435 140
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21/5/98 (Llarenbon press, rforb. SE
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STANDARD GREEK WORKS. 2. STANDARD G
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STANDARD GREEK WORKS. Euripides. An
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MISCELLANEOUS STANDARD WORKS. 3. MI
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