A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

248.]
PRONOUNS. 215
CHAPTER XL
USES OF THE PRONOUNS.
247.] The preceding chapter has dealt with the two grammatical
forms under which a Noun, by acquiring a verbal or
predicative character, is developed into a kind of subordinate
Clause. "We have now to consider the Subordinate Clause properly
so called that is to : say, the Clause which contains a true
(finite) Verb, but stands to another Clause in the relation of a
dependent word. E.g. in the Sentence Aevo-o-ere yap TO ye iravres
o (AOL yepas epyerai a^y y e see that my prize goes elsewhere, the
Clause o fjiOL yepas epx rat a^V stands in the relation of Object
to the Verb of the principal Clause.
As the grammatical structure of Subordinate Clauses is shown
in general by means of Pronouns, or Conjunctions formed from
Pronominal Stems, it will be proper to begin with an account
of the meaning and use of the different words of this class.
The Greek Grammarians divided the Pronouns (aprcozw/uat)
into btLKTiKai ' pointing/ and ava^opiKai 'referring-' or ' repeating/
These words have given us, through the Roman grammarians,
the modern terms Demonstrative and Relative ;
but the meaning,
as often happens in such cases, has undergone a considerable
change. A Deictic Pronoun it will be convenient to adopt
the Greek words is one that marks an object by its position in
respect to the speaker : /, thou, this (here), yonder, &c. an Anaphoric
Pronoun is one that denotes an object already mentioned
'
;
or otherwise known, the term thus including many Demonstratives
' (that same man, the man, &c.), as well as the ' Relative.'
In we all, therefore, may distinguish three kinds of Pronouns :
1. DEICTIC, in the original sense.
2. ANAPHORIC, i. e. referring to a Noun, but Demonstrative (in
the modern sense).
3. RELATIVE, in the modern sense.
This however, it should be observed, is a classification of the uses of Pronouns,
not of the words or Stems themselves for the same Pronoun :
may be
Deictic or Anaphoric, Demonstrative or Kelative, according to the context. It
is probable, indeed, that all Pronouns are originally Deictic, and become
Anaphoric in the course of usage.
248.] Interrogative Pronouns. The Interrogatives used in
Homer are rts ( 108), iroYepos, TTO'OTOS, irolos, TTT/, TTWS, TTOU, -rro'tft,