A grammar of the Homeric dialect - Wilbourhall.org

221.] AIA, "rilEP, ENI, 2TN. 189
1
ing ) over the sides of a ship: II. 23. 327 ocrov r opyvi virep atrys a
fathom s length above ground.
Metaphorically it means over so as to protect, hence In defence
of, on behalf of; as II. 7* 449 TCL^OS TL\i(rv. So II. 6. 524 00' virep
(Tdv al(j-\ aKovo) when I listen to reproaches on your account (of
which I bear the brunt).
But Hes. Op. 217 due?] 8' virep vfipws
icryei justice rises (prevails)
over insolence.
In respect of form uirep (for virepi, Sanscr. updri)
is a Comparative
of uiro ; cp. the Superlative viraros, and the Lat. superus,
summus. Hence the Gen. is ablatival, like the Gen. with words
of comparison ; see 152.
ivL
220.] The Preposition ivl means (also etci, tlv, iv) within, In ;
it is used adverbially (as
II. 5. 740 ez> 8 J e/ns, tv 6' aA*?} &c.), in
Tmesis (as eV r'
apa ol 0u x et PO> an(^ w^n a (locatival) Dative.
Notice, as departures from the strict local sense, the uses
(1) with Plurals denoting persons ( = ^ra among), as h viuv
(II. 9. 121, 528 V 10. 445), V TTCLO-L (Od. 2. 194., 16.378), 0>t
o-(f)i(ri (II. 23. 703).
(2) with abstract words (rare in the Iliad) ; tv navreo-cri -TJWOKTI
(II. 10. 245, 279), tv iravTta-ff epyoto-t (II. 23. 671), ez> aAyeo-t
(II. 24. 568) ; Qa\iri tvi (II. 9. 143, 285), Iv vr\-niir\ (II. 9.
491) ; ev ^lAorryrt ;
v ^oiprj aright (II. 19. 186), aia-rj tv apyaXtT]
(II. 22. 6l), tv Kapos aia-rj (II. 9. 378) ; ev 6e Ifj n/xrj
(II. 9. 319).
These two uses are nearly confined in the Iliad to books 9, 10,
23, 24-
221.] The Preposition ow (or uV)
means in company with.
It is not used as a pure Adverb, but is found in Tmesis, as II. i.
579 avv 8' balra fjiJiiv rapd^rj and disturb (o-wrapao-o-co) our feast.
It is used with an Instrumental Dative ( 144).
To express equally with, or at the same time as, Homer uses Sjuia
with a Dat. ;
while ow commonly means attended by, with the
help of, &c. Hence vvv cWeo-t with armour on, vvv VTJVO-L in ships,
on oath, crvv 'Ad^vrj aided by Athene : so II. 4. 161 crvv re
they pay with a great price.
The use of o-vv with the Dative has been recently shown by Tycho Momrnsen
to be confined, generally speaking, to poetry. The Attic prose writers (with
the singular exception of Xenophon) use with jjierd the Gen. the
; practice of
the poets varies, from Homer, who hardly ever uses jjierd
with the Gen., down
to Euripides, who uses it about half as often as o-viv. It is evident that in