2012 Ocean Ranger Guidebook Revision 3-7-12 - Alaska ...

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2012 Ocean Ranger Guidebook 3-7-12 MARPOL: Name given to the standards and requirements adopted by the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships governing the discharge of oil and other hazardous substances, sewage, and garbage. MARPOL: The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. Mg/L: Milligrams per liter. The concentration at which one thousandth of a gram (10-3 g) is found in a volume of one liter; it is approximately equal to the unit “parts per million (ppm),” formerly of common use. µg/L: Micrograms per liter: The concentration at which one millionth of a gram (10-6 g) is found in a volume of one liter; it is approximately equal to the unit “parts per billion (ppb),” formerly of common use. MSC: Maritime Safety Committee. One of five technical committees of the IMO which deals with issues such as aids to navigation, vessel equipment and construction, manning requirements, handling dangerous cargoes, hydrostatic and marine casualty information. MSD: Marine Sanitation Device. Non-hazardous waste: includes shipboard garbage including plastics and synthetic material, medical waste, food wastes and recyclables such as glass, cardboard, aluminum and metal cans. Items to be checked should include: disposal and incineration records; waste sorted to prevent hazardous waste from entering the non-hazardous waste stream; no plastics or synthetics discharge overboard; separate and proper disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous incinerator ash; and proper disposal of cooking grease from grease traps. Offloading: means the removal of a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, or nonhazardous solid waste from a commercial passenger vessel onto or into a controlled storage, processing, or disposal facility or treatment works Oil (from 33 CFR 151): Oil means petroleum whether in solid, semi-solid, emulsified, or liquid form, including but not limited to, crude oil, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, oil residue, and refined products, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes the substances listed in Appendix I of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78. “Oil” does not include animal and vegetable based oil or noxious liquid substances (NLS) designated under Annex II of MARPOL 73/78. Oil Content Meter: An instrument used to measure continuously the oil content of the effluent in the OWS output line, in parts per million, to ensure that the operation does not contravene the convention. 254
2012 Ocean Ranger Guidebook 3-7-12 Oil Filtering Equipment: Equipment that uses any combination of a separator, filter or coalescer, and also a single unit designed to produce an effluent with oil content less than 15 parts per million (ppm). (MARPOL Annex I, Reg 16) Oil pollution prevention systems: include the oily water separator, the fuel/lubricating oil transfer, and sludge containment system. Oily Water Separator (OWS): The basic principle of oil / water separation is their difference in specific gravity. The specific gravity of most oils is less than water; therefore, it will naturally float to the top of an oil and water solution. Small droplets of oil float to the top much slower than large droplets. This is due to the large surface area to mass ratio. To speed up the process of separation, OWS units form larger oil droplets out of smaller ones, thus decreasing the surface area to mass ratio. The increased mass of the oil droplet increases its buoyancy, thus causing it to rise more quickly. Gravitational-based systems are not effective processors of oil-water emulsions formed by detergents or mixtures containing high specific gravity oils. pH: An expression of the intensity of the basic or acid condition of a liquid; may range from 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acid and 7 is neutral. Natural waters usually have a pH between 6.5 and 8.5. Plastic (from 33 CFR 151):Plastic means any garbage that is solid material that contains as an essential ingredient one or more synthetic organic high polymers, and that is formed or shaped either during the manufacture of the polymer or polymers or during fabrication into a finished product by heat or pressure or both. “Degradable” plastics, which are composed of combinations of degradable starches and are either (a) synthetically produced or (b) naturally produced but harvested and adapted for use, are plastics under this part. Naturally produced plastics such as crabshells and other types of shells, which appear normally in the marine environment, are not plastics under this part. Note: Plastics possess material properties ranging from hard and brittle to soft and elastic. Plastics are used for a variety of marine applications including, but not limited to: food wrappings, products for personal hygiene, packaging (vaporproof barriers, bottles, containers, and liners), ship construction (fiberglass and laminated structures, siding, piping insulation, flooring, carpets, fabrics, adhesives, and electrical and electronic components), disposable eating-utensils and cups (including styrene products), bags, sheeting, floats, synthetic fishing nets, monofilament fishing line, strapping bands, hardhats, and synthetic ropes and lines. Pollutant: Generally, any substance introduced into the environment that adversely affects the usefulness of a resource or the health of humans, animals, or ecosystems.. PMS: Preventative Maintenance System Primary Waste Treatment: First steps in wastewater treatment; screens and sedimentation tanks are used to remove most materials that float or will settle. 255
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2012 Ocean Ranger Guidebook Revision 3-7-12 - Alaska ...

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