Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

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EDITORIAL SILVICULTURES AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012 and spiritual – it is the forest, the trees that approach the man. Not that the latter would feel better among men. On the contrary! The coexistence with the man is more of a punishment. Soil often inappropriate, roots ill-treated by digging, trunks injured by vehicles, branches amputated, tips shortened. Not tomention the harmful emissions and increasing aridity. The only good is that man started to become aware that his fate is inextricably linked to all that is green. Hence the promotion of green spaces in crowded urban areas focused on trees and forest vegetation. An advanced movement took place in Sweden and Finland, where the arboristics became an interdisciplinary science and a profession. The International Year of the Forests has incited the German forums to certain major actions. Let us take them one by one. 3.2. Making the most of the vacant land At a meeting organized by Deutsche Stiftung für Umwelt (Foundation for Environmental Protection) between September 6 and 7, 2011 at Osnabrück it was presented a project focused on the theme of integration, namely the transformation of vacant spaces in urban forests. The project takes into account the environmental, economic, social and aesthetic requirements and it is based on several preliminary studies. The initiators are not satisfied with the a mere afforestation, but use the opportunity to acquaint townspeople with several forest types, namely forest grove, non managed dry forests, forest gardens and parks. Of the over 700 objects examined were chosen 10 locations with areas ranging between 0.7 and 16 ha. The University of Dresden was committed to carry out the project. The partners are the cities of Würzburg, Hof and Kempten. Given the threat of vandalism, selected areas were originally surrounded by a fence of 1.80 m high. 3.3. Species under examination Within a Bavarian decennial project called "Stadtgrün 2021" (City with a greenery), project focused on the cities Würzburg, Kempten Hof, there are tested 20 species of trees. The question is whether and what type of measures could meet the specific requirements of future urban agglomerations. The species, the selected varieties respectively, come from all continents. Another feature is that a symbiosis with the roots of different types of mushrooms was created, a way to mitigate the harmful effects (stress) caused by urban factors. Of the 72 species of trees proposed, there have been chosen the species and varieties listed below (table 1). Previously there was an exchange of views and experiences with experts in Dendrology, with the tree nursery specialists and university institutes. Tale. 1. List of trees species tested decennial in „Stadtgrün 2021“ project Tree species, variety, origin Short description Symbiosis (type) Acer buergerianum, Japan, China Attractive species, small crown, resistant to drought. AM Acer monspessulanum, Mediterranean area Medium-sized tree, very heat resistant AM Alnus x spaethii, Späth, Berlin, 1908 Purple variety, well known in the Netherlands. Wind resistant. EM Carpinus betulus, Frans Fontaine, The Netherlands Has a permanently slender variety. EM Celtis australis, very common on the streets of Extremely resistant, a good alternative to Platanus sp. Interesting southern Europe examples in Germany. AM Fraxinus ornus, southern Europe, Asia Medium-sized, decorative. Mostly used for street decoration. AM/EM Fraxinus pennsylvanica Summit. Has a variety with pioneer features. Decorative during fall. America de Nord Successfully tested in southern France. AM/EM Ginkgo biloba, China Attractive and also resistant to extremes of climate and biotic pests. Varieties are less researched. AM Gleditsia triacanthos Skyline, North America Has a variety without thorns. AM Liquidambar styraciflua, America /West Spectacular tree during fall due to the red foliage. Less resistant to frost. AM Magnolia kobus, Japan Robust, frost resistant, positive results in Germany as well. AMP Ostrya carpinifolia, Europe/South, Asia Minor Variety adequate to sunny slopes. Promising tree. EM Parrotia persica, Iran, southern Rusia Highly adaptable tree. A rainbow of colors during fall AM/EM Quercus cerris, Europe, Asia Minor Promising tree, frost resistant, common in southern Europe EM Quercus frainetto Trump, Europe Asia, selection NAKB, NL, 1979 Hungarian oak, suitable for arid lands. Sometimes with problems EM Quercus x hispanica Wageningen, Europe; Spanish oak, bastard Q.cerris x Q. suber. Spread up to the selection , NL,1979 Balkans. Prefers a calcareous soil. EM 9
EDITORIAL SILVICULTURES AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012 Sophora japonica Regent,China, Korea. În Extremely resistant to drought and heat. The Regent variety is Europe selection NL,1979 more slender. AM Tilia tormentosa Brabant, Europe/West, Asia Silver lime, a native of the Balkans, is one of the most important Minor trees in terms of climate extremes. AM/EM Ulmus ‘Lobel’, Europe, Wageningen, NL, 1973 An alternative in dealing with elm mortality. Wind resistant. AM/EM Zelkova serrata Green Vase, Japan, China, Korea; var. north-american, 1983. One of the most common species in Tokyo. Experimented successfully in Europe as well. The variety here named is distinguished by a slender crown, yellow to orange in color during fall. AM/EM The evolution of the species listed above is to be supervised every year until 2021. Their resistance towards freezing and dryness is very important. Bibliography Böll S., Schönfeld P., Körber K., Herrmann J.V., 2011: Stadtbäume im Zeichen des Klimawandels. Projekt „Stadtgrün 2021“. AFZ – Der Wald 4/2011, 14-18. Ham A., 2011: Urbaner Wald und Urbane Forstwirtschaft im Jahr der Wälder. AFZ / Der Wald 20. Köhl M. 2011: Europäischer Waldbericht 2011: Bericht der 6. Ministerkonferenz zum Schutz der Wälder in Europa. AFZ, der Wald, Band 66, Heft 24, Seiten 10-13. Abstract Forested area in Europe amounts to 10.2 million km 2 or 25% of the earth. Wood reserves have increased in the last 20 years by 8.6 billion cubic meters from where a gap between the increased surface and the reserves in wood. Between 2005 and 2010 European forests have incorporated 870 million tons annually, a figure equal to 10% of the total gas emissions. In 2009 one quarter of the control trees had thinning crown. In 1990 only 51% of the growth were exploited, a rate which in 2010 reached 62%. In 578 million cubic meter round wood were collected, revenue amounted to 21.1 billion Euros. Keywords: forested area in Europe, storage capacity of CO 2 , vitality of forest ecosystems Translated by: Roxana Gabriela Munteanu 10
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