Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012
Table 10. Important aspects of environment protection in dehesa (by Olea and San Miguel, 2006)
Role
The most important service offered, but one indirect one is environmental protection. It is required by society
and considered a fundamental goal by public opinion (European Community, Spain, Autonomous
Communities), even though most dehesa are private property. The so-called “environmental fee” of dehesa is
high and growing.
Protected species Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti), Hiera aetus fasciatus, Elanus caeruleus, Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus),
black eagle (Aegypius monachus), black stork (Ciconia nigra), crane (Grus grus), Cabrera mouse (Microtus
cabrerae) and many other species, including invertebrates.
Other services
Biological and population diversity: α, β, γ
Environmental stability: erosion, climate, biogeochemical cycles of water and nutrients, protection against fire
etc.
Genetic diversity: genetic fund for livestock, traditional varieties of the agrosystems characteristic species,
ecotypes of pastures selected by grazing along the centuries.
Landscape. Cultural heritage.
3. Traditional agroforestry components
The stand stability, as well as the percentage of area
covered by natural or sown pasture ecosystems, or
covered with shrubs, are directly related to erosion in
the dehesa. The arrival of autumn rains brings with it
the appearance of erosion, which is why the use of
appropriate land use contributes significantly to soils
conservation.
3.1. Woody vegetation influence on microclimate
In a stationary of Vlădeasa Massif, at 1100 m altitude,
on the Floroiu peak, at the floor of spruce-beech with
Oxalis and secondary grasslands of Agrostis tenuis with
Festuca rubra, early ivaded by Nardus stricta, on
brown podzolic soils, was determined the air and soil
termic regime for the vegetation period (Table 11)
Table 11. Average temperature (°C) of air and soil in the forest (Fr.) and grassland (Gl.) during vegetation period at 1100 m
altitude in Apuseni Mountains(By Maruşca and Filip, 1995)
Thermometers location
(cm)
7 o’clock 13 o’clock
Difference hours 13 - 7
Fr. Gl. Diff. Fr. Gl. Diff. Fr. Gl.
Air +200 9.3 10.7 -1.4 13.8 13.8 0.0 +4.5 +3.1
+150 9.0 10.7 -1.7 13.7 15.2 -1.5 +4.7 +4.5
+100 9.4 9.9 -0.5 13.7 15.4 -1.7 +4.3 +5.5
+ 60 9.2 10.1 -0.9 13.4 16.6 -3.2 +4.2 +6.5
+ 30 9.1 10.1 -1.0 13.4 17.6 -4.2 +4.3 +7.5
0 8.9 9.1 -0.2 13.5 28.4 -14.9 +4.6 +19.3
Average 9.1 10.1 -1.0 13.6 17.0 -4.2 +4.5 +7.7
Soil
-5 9.0 10.9 -1.9 9.9 17.0 -7.1 +0.9 +6.1
-15 9.2 10.7 -1.5 9.5 12.4 -2.9 +0.3 +1.7
-30 8.5 9.6 -1.1 8.8 10.9 -2.1 +0.3 +1.3
-50 8.8 10.3 -1.5 9.2 11.1 -1.9 +0.4 +0.8
-100 8.4 9.8 -1.4 8.6 10.8 -2.2 +0.2 +1.0
-150 7.9 9.2 -1.3 8.2 10.4 -2.2 +0.3 +1.2
Average 8.6 10.1 -0.5 9.0 12.1 -3.1 +0.4 +2.0
Air-Soil Diff.
+0.5 0.0 - +4.6 +5.7 - +4.1 +5.7
These data were recorded during May-September, in
three phases of 10-12 days, with average climate, on
weather that was sunny, cloudy, rainy, calm atmosphere
and wind, etc. There were made concurent (parallel)
measurements, in forest and grassland, evey 20 minutes,
on temperatures at soil surface up to 2 m high and in
soil up to 1.5 m deep.
Air temperature measurements were made with ordinary
thermometers, attached to a stadium, having the
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