Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012
expected an increase by 600 m of the allocation by
altitude of current primary vegetation.
For the mountain area of our country these bioclimatic
changes by year 2070 are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Modifications of the bioclimatic and vegetation floors at an increase of average air temperature by 3 0 C (forecast
year 2070) (by Maruşca, 2007)
Current floors
Average annual Annual PRECIPITATION Floors (areas)
(areas)
Altitude
TEMPERATURE (mm)
changed after
(m)
( 0 C)
decades
Current Level year 2070 Current Level year 2070
Alpine 2200- 2400 - 1 2 1500 1250 Spruce
Mountain pine 2000-2200 0 3 1450 1150 Spruce
Mountain pine 1800-2000 1 4 1350 1050 Spruce + Beech
Spruce 1600-1800 2 5 1250 950 Beech
Spruce 1400-1600 3 6 1150 850 Beech
Spruce + Beech 1200-1400 4 7 1050 800 Sessile oak
Beech 1000-1200 5 8 950 700 Oaks
Beech 800-1000 6 9 850 600 Forest steppe
Sessile oak 600-800 7 10 800 500 Steppe
(Oaks)
GRADIENTS
(Sub-humid – dry)
(Forest steppe) for 100 m alt. -0.5 0 C -0.5 0 + 45
C
+ 45 mm
(Steppe)
mm
(Semi-arid)
(Arid - deserts)
From these data it results that in the high mountains
the alpine and sub-alpine (mountain pine) floors will
disappear, being replaced by the spruce and beech
forests floor.
In parallel, the steppe zone will replace the high floor of
the Sessile oak forests and the forest steppe will replace
the inferior area of the beech forests floor. These major
mutations in the altitude distribution of woody
vegetation in the mountain area will lead to the natural
reduction 40 – 70 % of the current forest areas, with
dramatic consequences on water balance and
precipitation.
1.3. Forecast of the changes of mountain soil
Climate change will modify the physic-chemical
properties of soil (Table 3).
Thus, the thickness of soil over the next 60 – 70 years
will be about the same as 1 cm of soil in the temperate
zone forms in approx. 100 years. However, some
agrochemical properties are subject to changes which
term’s is hard to define until they reach a specific
balance imposed by the temperature and precipitation
forecasted for year 2070.
Table 3. Modification of soil conditions at an increase of average air temperature by 3 0 C (forecast year 2070)
Current floors
Soil width (cm)
Horizon A
(zones)
Altitude Actual Distant
Water pH V %
(m)
future Actual Near Actual Near future
future
Alpine 2200- 2400 20 3,6 4,5 6 24
Mountain pine 2000-2200 35 3,9 4,8 12 30
Mountain pine 1800-2000 50 4,2 5,1 18 36
Spruce 1600-1800 65 4,5 5,4 24 42
Spruce 1400-1600 80 4,8 5,7 30 48
Spruce + Beech 1200-1400 95 5,1 6,0 36 54
Very slow growth
(approx.1 cm every 100
years)
Beech 1000-1200 110 5,4 6,3 42 60
Beech 800-1000 125 5,7 6,6 48 66
Sessile oak 600-800 140 6,0 6,9 54 72
(Oaks)
GRADIENTS
(Forest steppe)
for
- 7.5 mm
- 0.15 - 0.15 - 3 % - 3 %
75