Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETIC REVIEW XVII/30/2012
The increasing development of tourism raises
particular problems to forestry vegetation along traffic
routes, being called to contribute to the radical
improvement of landscape given by each passageway
from an aesthetic and touristic point of view. Because,
man spends many hours a day on various roads, these
should meet the requirements not only of modern
technology but also of spiritual demands of the driver.
From here a new concept "the road must serve first
the man and then the car." Roads must help man to
know nature. In addition, forest vegetation along the
passageways must ensure masking different
unpleasant looking places (deposits of various
materials, abandoned construction debris etc) dressing
the slopes of bridges embankments at crossings (see
bridges of the A -1) etc. It is necessary to pursue
enrichment and emphasizing edge contours, creating
beautiful compositions, greater choice of colors to
eliminate monotonous appearance of outskirts.
Hence the need for foresters to broaden concerns in
planting along traffic routes (both auto and rail),
giving more attention to the choice of species for
snow protection forest belts by considering: foliage
appearance, manner of branching, size, resistance to
blizzard (including to snow breaks), melliferous
potential, fruit production, therapeutic products, etc.
It should be noted that these issues were considered
by our predecessors, for example I.Z. Lupe since 1952
recommended the introduction of melliferous and fruit
species among marginal rows of forest belts.
5. Preparing ground for planting forest
snow protection forest belts
All authors referred to, without exception, recommend
careful preparation of the ground before planting,
preparation which must be all the more thorough with
how much vegetation conditions, general of the area
and particular of the planted section, are more
difficult. The need for a proper preparation was
underlined since 1937 C.D. Chiriţă and M.Petcuţ, and
I.Z. Lupe (1952) considers preparing the ground
before planting as a base operation on which depends
the success and further development of the forest belt.
He believes that the preparation technique depends on
the ground configuration, its condition before the
work starts, on previous usage and it recommends:
I – on abandoned land, fallow land, leashes with
brush, pastures, land invaded by weeds, land occupied
by ancient forest cultures in a very advanced state of
degradation:
- cleaning ground of weeds, brush, wild sprouts etc;
- clearing with plow if necessary;
- deep-plowing (without removing the surface
carbonates when present);
-heavy harrowing with the heavy harrow;
-black field in summer (July-August) with repeated
harrowing, which will bring to the surface residue and
roots of weeds to be destroyed by heat; weed seeds
left in the ground will germinate towards fall but will
not start to fructify and will be destroyed by deep
plowing in fall;
- in fall, deep plowing (35-40 cm) with plow with
jointer.
In the absence of weeds black field is no longer
necessary, after removal of brush and grubbing,
passing to plowing in fall.
II – on land with a lot of couch-grass:
- agricultural crops for 1-2 years, followed by 1 year
black field (both for destruction of weeds and for
accumulation of moisture in the soil).
III – on destructured, dusty land:
- 2-3 years with mixed cultivation of legumes and
perennial grasses (70-30/100 proportion)
-cultivation for a year of 2-3 rows on each side of the
future forest belt with high agricultural plants (corn,
sunflower, etc.) whose stems are not cut during the
winter (for both snow accumulation to increase
reserve of soil humidity and to reduce the danger of
snow accumulation of the passageway until planting
the forest belt;
- drawing on both sides of the future forest belt of 2-3
deep overlapping furrows, for additional accumulation
of moisture for the future forest belt (the accumulation
of snow in the ditches) and as a protection measure for
the forest belt;
- deep autumn plowing, desirable with plow for great
depths (50 cm.).
In all instances care should be taken in the case of pest
infestation of the ground (larvae of beetles, etc.).
6. Maintenance of snow protection
forest belts
It should be noted first that the maintenance of forest
belts after planting is not confined to mobilizing the
soil a certain number of years. Thus, the same Lupe
recommends cultivation on spaces between rows, for
2-3 years after planting, of 2-3 rows of large
agricultural plants to reduce the influence of dry
winds on the development of seedlings and to protect
the passageway until the start of the functionality of
the forest belt. In case of manual planting, the same
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