Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012
subsidence do not allow the differentiation in the
stationary complex of multiple stationary units.
8. Polyfunctional species selection
Species used for the afforestation of the ground wave
from the factory Kronospan of Stupini, must meet
properties enabling them the development in special
stationary conditions:
- resistance to dryness (season) of the soil - a
necessary condition because species do not benefit
from the contribution groundwater, slope gradient is
large (45 g), with significant loss of water from
precipitation through surface water runoff and runoffs,
and on sunny slopes (southern and western) and the
plateau, under loose soil and medium texture, this
quality this becomes a very important requirement;
- adaptation to skeletal soils with low physiological
space - especially on the northern ground wave, where
the amount of skeleton is variable and sometimes up
to 25 to 30%;
- to withstand an alkaline pH (7.8 to 8.2);
- to be calcicole species, which support high soil
carbon content (calcium: 14,740 ppm);
- To support the content of salts of the soil (Cu: 10.67
ppm and 12.44 ppm As);
- Resistant to industrial pollution and road with
fluoride (12.44 ppm);
- Rapidly growing in youth to realize as quickly as
possible the functions for which the protection forest
belt was created;
- to easily regenerate naturally, to spread later in the
gaps created by the drying of seedlings after planting
and to achieve impenetrable hedges;
- To cover soil well and improve it through litter and
root associations;
- to withstand the injuries caused by natural
phenomena: wind (especially on the plateau and upper
third), heavy rains (which can erode slopes), frost, ice
etc.;
- to have the opportunity of defense against aggression
caused by domestic or wild animals (spinyspecies,
inedible, which make impenetrable thickets or hedges)
and to withstand grazing;
- to possess rich and powerful rooting respectively the
power to highly sprout and sucker, to secure unstable
slopes, with active erosion and with a potentially
burial of seedlings by landslides, collapses and cracks.
In the tables 3a and 3b were centralized woody
species that simultaneously meet the characteristics of
adaptation to pursued pedo-fluid conditions and
functionality.
9. Afforestation formula and scheme
Tree stands of mixed resinous and deciduous are those
that provide the best protection and soil improvement
and the best use of degraded land (Miulescu and
Tăbăcaru, 1963). In the hill regions, of the sessile oak
area these species are:
- on soils with mild to medium texture: ash, mountain
maple, flowering ash, privet, red dogwood and cornel
tree;
- on semiskeletal soils: black pine, flowering ash,
common maple, hawthorn, red dogwood etc.;
- on soils with medium to heavy texture: black pine,
ash, mountain maple, pear, red dogwood, spindle-tree,
privet, Turkestan elm;
- on calcareous soils: black pine, Turkestan elm,
flowering ash, cherry, cherry-plum, privet, cornel tree,
red dogwood;
- on land with fragmented soils: ash, oleaster, privet,
sea buckthorn, red dogwood.
Based on the specific stationary requirements and the
compatibility of the species characteristics with these,
the following formula for afforestation was used
(Table 4): 30% Pi.n. 12% Pa.m. Fr. Ul.t. Gl. 31% Sl.
Mj. 27% Pd. Mc. L.c.
Applying this formula differs however in relation to
the forms of relief (slopes of 45 gr. and plateau) the
slopes exposure (sunny - SW - or shadow - NE), slope
position (upper or lower third), or the portions of land
that runoffs and landslides are localized (Table 4a).
The chosen planting scheme (Table 4a) (Option 1) is
10,000 seedlings / ha (1 x 1 m) (otskirts / hedges are
more dense: 1 x 0.5 m).
On the plateau of the ground waves are planted:
- Rows of edge, pure, of oleaster, with role of fixing
securely the slope rim, where there are cracking and
landslides phenomena.
- 3 internal rows with black pine mixed with
flowering ash (ailanthus and resistant shrub species.
On the sunny slopes:
- Mixture of black pine and xerophytes species -
flowering ash (ailanthus) cherry-plum, Turkestan elm,
resistant shrubs);
- For the slope stability were introduced two pure
lines of oleaster (at regular intervals compared to the
edge and the basis of the slope);
- At the edge, it was designed a hedge of honey locust.
On the shadowed slopes:
- Mixture of black pine and mesophilic species -
maple, ash and mesophilic shrubs - at the bottom of of
the slope;
95