Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

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FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012 In this situation the following composition is recommended: 40Stb 20Ult(Tea) 20Pă 20arb. VI. Areas with argic faeozioms and argic chernozems (luvic phaeozems and luvic chernozems – WRB – SR, 1998) in the internal silvosteppe. In order to fit these areas into a ecological site framework it is recommended the following ecological site type: ”Internal silvosteppe, high productivity (Quercus pedunculiflora), argic faeozioms and argic chernozems on loessoid substratum, high edaphic volume, physiologically very deep, loamy to clayey-loamy soils, moderate humus content. Recommended composition: 40Stb 20Tea(Ju) 20Pă 20arb. VII. Areas with typical preluvosols (haplic luvisols – WRB – SR, 1998), reddish preluvosols (chromic luvisols), reddish luvosols (chromic luvisols), typical luvosols (haplic luvisols) and albic luvosols (albic luvisols) from the forest plain. These areas can be framed in the following ecological forest site type: ”Forest plain, medium-high productivity (Quercus pedunculiflora, Quercus robur), typical preluvosols, reddish preluvosols, reddish luvosols, typical luvosols and albic luvosols on loamy or clayey-loamy substratum (± loessoid), physiologically very deep, high edaphic volume, loamy to clayey-loamy texture, low to moderate humus content”. According to this type of ecological forest site, the recommended composition is the following: 40Stb(St) 20Pa(Tea) 20Cd 20arb. VIII. Areas with vertic preluvosols (vertic luvisols – WRB – SR, 1998) and reddish-vertic preluvosols (vertic-chromic luvisols) in complex with argic-vertic phaeozioms (verti-luvic phaeozems), vertic luvosols (vertic luvisols), albic-vertic luvosols (verti-albic luvisols), typical and vertic planosols (haplic and vertic planosols) and vertosols (vertisols) on clayed substratum (± loessoid) in the forest plain The type of ecological site that fits these areas is ”Forest plain, medium-low up to low productivity (Quercus cerris, Quercus frainetto), vertic preluvosols and reddish-vertic preluvosols in complex with argicvertic phaeozioms, vertic luvosols, albic-vertic luvosols, typical and vertic planosols and vertosols on clayed substratum (± loessoid), physiologically medium deep, with high edaphic volume, clayey texture, moderate humus content, compact to very compact soils”. Recommended composition: 40Ce(Gî) 30Pă 30arb. The significance of symbols used for the recommended forest species in the afforestation composition is the following: St – Quercus robur, Stb – Quercus pedunculiflora, Stp – Quercus pubescens, Ce – Quercus cerris, Gî – Quercus frainetto, Tea – Tilia tomentosa, Ju – Acer campestre, Pa – Acer platanoides, Ult – Ulmus pumila, Sl – Eleagnus angustifolia, Mj – Fraxinus ornus, Pă – Pirus pyraster, Cd – Prunus cerasifera, arb – shrubs. Setting up these types of soil and ecological forest site situations is being done by taking into consideration the principle of mutual partial compensation of the ecological factors. The presented afforestation solutions are basic solutions for establishing the forest shelterbelts in the Danube Plain and Dobrogea. For practical considerations, alternative solutions are required, which should be adopted only in the following situations: - lack or insufficient quantity of seedlings required by the basic solution, in the situation in which the execution stage is due to start soon; - decision (in case of state-owned lands) or expressed wish (in case of privately-owned lands) to benefit as quickly as possible from the protective effect of the shelterbelts. For the alternative solutions the main recommended species are black locust (on the noncarbonatic soils in the forest plain and in the sylvosteppe) and honey locust (on the carbonatic soils in the sylvosteppe and steppe). The species that are part of these alternative solutions should be chosen by taking into consideration the following criteria: quick growth, abundance of afforestation material, as well as the drought resistance. These main species shall be accompanied by other species such as: Turkestan elm, nettle tree, cherry plum, Russian olive, shrubs. 3.2. Establishing the necessary of forest shelterbelts and network location on land use categories (arable or pasture) As previously mentioned the field forest shelterbelts network resulted from overlapping the theoretical model (600 m x 1200 m) over the surface already vectorized of the two categories of agricultural land under study (arable land and pastures). Therefore is resulted the forest shelterbelts network corresponding to the two land use categories and 55
FORESTRY BELTS SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012 taking into consideration the fact that the width established for the shelterbelts is of 10 m, the area covered with forest shelterbelts was determined within the two land use categories. Thanks to the GIS work technique being applied, within the two geographical units the area corresponding to each land use category was divided by solution types, counties and administrative-territorial units, the results being presented in tables. It must be reminded the fact that during this stage the land with sands and sandy soils also the alluvial soils (generally sandy) within the two geographical units were not analyzed because they required a different approach. Based on punctual field investigations carried out, it resulted that the surface of terrains with sands and sandy soils which in the actual records represent approximately 135000 ha, is in reality much higher – approximately 255000 ha – resulting an extension of 47%, that imposes the necessity to establish more precise (by modern methods applied in the field) the areas occupied by those. Regarding the alluvial soils, they cover an area of 640000 ha in the Danube Plain while in the Dobrogea the covered area is 92000 ha, totalizing an area of 732000 ha. Danube Plain In the Danube Plain resulted a total area of forest shelterbelts network of 70226 ha (2.5 %), which protects a total area of agricultural land of 2806989 ha. The network that protects the arable land has 67366 ha (2.5 % of the total of 2693655 ha), while the network that protects the permanent pastures has 2860 ha (2.52 % of the total of 113334 ha). The surface covered by the network, its percentage and the total area protected within the permanent pasture land use category, on the five solution types, is the following (Table 1): Table 1. Permanent pastures – area covered by the network of forest shelterbelts on solution types Solution type Network area - ha Total area - ha % IV 1.071,1481 42.630,8877 2,51 V 643,1144 25.639,6133 2,51 VI 133,7481 5.097,3864 2,62 VII 893,6654 35.127,8903 2,54 VIII 118,3502 4.838,1973 2,45 The area covered by the network, its percentage and the total protected area within the arable land use category, on the five solution types, is the following (Table 2): Table 2. Arable terrain – area covered by the network of forest shelterbelts on solution types Solution type Network area - ha Total area - ha % 4. 20.947,7488 835.797,4286 2,51 5. 22.846,0206 915.369,083 2,50 6. 6.027,2343 240.411,6749 2,51 7. 14.281,5658 571.079,6509 2,50 8. 3.263,1243 130.996,7334 2,49 Within the permanent pasture land use category the distribution of the area of shelterbelts network at the county level reflects a variation ranging from under 50 ha (Vrancea) up to over 240 ha (Galaţi). Within the arable land use category the distribution of the area of shelterbelts network at the county level reflects a variation ranging from under 1300 ha (Vrancea) up to over 8000 ha (Călăraşi). Dobrogea In Dobrogea resulted a total area of forest shelterbelts network having 16986 ha (2.5 %), that protects a total area of agriculture land of 679958 ha. The network that protects the arable land has 14998 ha (2.5 % of the total of 600109 ha), while the network that protects the permanent pastures has 1988 ha (2.49 % of the total of 79849 ha). The area covered by the network, its percentage and the total protected area under the permanent pastures land use category, on the three solution types, is the following (Table 3): Table 3. Permanent pastures – area covered by the network of forest shelterbelts, on solution types Solution type Network area - ha Total area - ha % I 488,3249 19.754,4540 2,47 56
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