Silviculture and Cinegetics Review - Societatea Progresul Silvic

FORESTRY POLICY SILVICULTURE AND CINEGETICS REVIEW XVII/30/2012
- Average annual precipitation: 615.5 mm/year;
- Potential evapotranspiration: 732.5 mm/year;
- Potential humidity deficit 127.0 mm/year;
- Strong tendency to reduce average annual
precipitation in the last years;
- During summer appear warm air masses from the
south-west that accelerate evapotranspiration and
produce a strong humidity deficit.
In the forest steppe and steppe floor (island,
intrazonal) predominate Turkey oak, Hungarian oak,
common oak and mixed hardwood forests based
mostly on Grayish oak, and in the intrazonal steppe
the majority is represented by Turkey and Hungarian
oak and less by common oak and Grayish oak.
In the terrain subject to this project, the fundamental
natural stands represent about 70 % and the artificial
ones 30 % in the northern part of the area and a report
almost opposite in the south.
In the studied terrain the vegetation has poor growing
conditions, hence the necessity of settling them in
stationary that are favorable to their ecological needs.
The following is a description of soil types identified
in the field with the physic-chemical (variation limits)
resulted from the laboratory tests.
In the forest steppe and steppe area (island-intrazonal)
the following types of soil have been identified:
Cambic Phaeozem (cambic chernozem) with a Am-
Bv-C profile, formed on loess, on flat or slightly
depressing terrain, with pH = 7.06-7.28, with humus
content on the 20 cm thickness of 2.00-2.54 %,
medium supplied with total nitrogen (0.16-0.23 g %),
mesobasic on surface (V = 80-84 %), medium
edaphic, suitable for culture of Grayish oak, Turkey
oak, Hungarian oak, lime, locust, Tartarian maple etc.
Typical Phaeozem (typical chernozem) with a Am-
Ac-C profile, formed on sands, on flat or slightly
depressing terrain, it is basic with pH = 6.0-7.2 with
humus content of 1.92-2.52 in the first 20 cm, medium
to low supplied with total nitrogen (0.11-0.31 %)
throughout the profile, the degree of base saturation V
= 66-87 %, loamy to sandy-clay, medium-deep
edaphic, suitable for culture of Turkey oak, Hungarian
oak, locust, Turkestan elm, etc.
Eutric Regosol (typical, sandy) with a Ao-C profile,
formed on sands and loess, on flat terrain or old, low,
stable dunes, it is slightly acid with pH = 6.72-7.00,
low humus, medium supplied with total nitrogen at
the surface (0.48), eubasic at surface and mesobasic in
depth, with sandy-loamy texture on the surface and
sandy-cohesive in depth, medium edaphic, suitable for
culture of locust and honey locust (due to low water
retention capacity and high evapotranspiration).
In the forest plain area the following types of soils
were identified:
Psammyc Preluvosol (reddish brown clay-alluvial on
sandy deposits) with a Ao-Bt-C profile, formed on
sandy deposits, on flat or slightly depressing terrain, it
is slightly acid with pH = 6.18-6.49, low content of
humus on the 0-20 cm thickness of 1.26 %, low
supplied with total nitrogen (0.19 %), mesobasic in
Ao (63 %) and eubasic in Bt (75 %), sandy – loamy,
medium edaphic, suitable for culture of Grayish oak,
Turkey oak, Hungarian oak, locust, honey locust, field
maple, lime, Tartarian maple, etc.
Red Luvisol (reddish brown luvic typical), with a Ao-
El-Bt-C profile, formed on loam and loess, on slightly
depressing terrain, with pH = 6.0-7.6 , and humus
content = 0.95-3.03 % on the 0-20 cm thickness,
medium supplied with total nitrogen (0.18-0.39 g %)
on the surface, mesobasic to eubasic, loamy to loamy
– clay, medium edaphic, suitable for culture of
Grayish oak, Turkey oak, Hungarian oak, ash, lime,
elm, field maple, locust, honey locust, Tartarian
maple, etc.
Gleyic Cambic Chernozem (Humic glay soil) with a
Am-Bv-Go-Gr profile, formed on loam and loess, on
flat terrain, sometimes abandoned meadows, with
ground water near the surface, it is neutral to
moderately alkaline with pH = 8.04, moderate content
of humus on the 20 cm thickness of 2.46 %, very well
supplied with total nitrogen on the surface (0.30 %)
eubasic, loamy to loamy-clay, medium edaphic,
suitable for culture of Grayish oak, Turkey oak,
Hungarian oak, ash, lime, field maple, locust, honey
locust, Tartarian maple, etc.
The following are the site units and the main and
alternative afforestation compositions for the primary
and secondary forest belts (Table 1).
Stationary
Units
Table. 1 Site units
Form of
relief
Soil types and
sub-types
Stationary factors
– limiting and
compensatory
Composition of
Surface
afforestation - basic and
alternative ha %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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