Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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expenses, rate of return, inflation, etc. Once a scenario has been defined, it must be logged to be used for future analysis. Project Summary Once a Feedstock Scenario and a Power Plant Scenario have been created and logged, it is possible to calculate the estimated cost of delivered energy. One may select a Power Plant Scenario and input different Feedstock Scenarios to evaluate the economic impacts of various options. One may also conduct sensitivity analysis on the Project Scenarios to understand the impacts of fluctuating inputs on the final energy cost. Project Scenarios can also be logged for future reference. Define Feedstock Scenario(s) Log Scenario Results Define Power Plant Scenario(s) Log Scenario Results Select a Logged Feedstock and Power Plant Scenario RESULT Estimated Cost of Delivered Energy Figure VIII-3: Evaluation Methodology Algorithms Basic Cost Calculations These are the cost calculations internal to BioPET that estimates project costs throughout the process. They are offered here to provide the user with enough information to understand the calculations and allow the user to manipulate the entries to satisfy individual project concerns. Please refer to the BioPET software manual in Appendix A for even more detail. Definitions Energy Content (ENC) = BTU/dry pound MCW = Moisture Content by Weight (%) Field Field Costs (Fc) = (Payment/Market Price) – (Avoided Disposal Costs) + (Processing Cost) + (Collection/Loading Cost) Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Page 125 Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Processing Yard Transportation to the Yard (Yt) = (Miles by Road) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Rail) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Barge) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) Processing Yard Costs (Yc) = (Processing Cost) + (Collection/Loading Costs) Storage Facility Power Plant Total Transportation to Storage (St) = (Miles by Road) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Rail) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Barge) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) Storage Facility Costs (Sc) = (Processing Cost) + (Collection/Loading Costs) + (Storage Costs) * (Average Number of Months Stored) Transportation to Power Plant (Pt) = (Miles by Road) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Rail) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) + (Miles by Barge) * (Transportation Cost ($/ton-mile) Power Plant Costs (Pc) = (Processing Cost) + (Unloading Cost) + (Payment) Total Cost (Tc) ($/wet ton) = Fc + Yt + Yc + St + Sc + Pt + Pc 1 T c $ / ton *( ) 1 − MCW Energy Cost (Ec) ($/MMBTU) *1,000,000Btu / MMBtu = ( ENCBtu / lb *2,000lbs / ton) Utility Economic Evaluation The power plant economic analysis used the “Generic Biomass Power Plant Model” developed by the California Biomass Collaborative and available on their website (http://biomass.ucdavis.edu/index.html). In addition to the model, the California Biomass Collaborative (CBC, n.d.) details the economic variables and methodology as well as providing an example analysis. Levelized Annual Costs (LACs) The Bio-power Evaluation Tool (BioPET) generates estimates of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for a number of bio-power facility types using a generic agricultural residue fuel and a generic woody residue fuel. An estimate of the LCOE for an anaerobic digester was estimated as well. Page 126 Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Page 1 and 2:
FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
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OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
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This net-net amount usable for fuel
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Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
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Chapter XI: Project Development Han
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Fuel Selection Considerations......
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Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
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APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES .........
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Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
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CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
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into renewable technologies that su
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BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
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CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
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when evaluating individual projects
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450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 4
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For purposes of this analysis, all
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Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
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Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000
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30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
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Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
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Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
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primary purpose, like food, animal
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Manures Variability. Depending on t
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equipment, logistics, soil health,
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Even a limited contribution to Minn
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Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
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Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
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Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
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$9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
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PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
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Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
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Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
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Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
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fuels exceeding the moisture conten
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• Rail. For most biomass plants,
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CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
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Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
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suspends them as they burn. Spreade
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Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
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Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
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• increased thermal to electrical
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Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
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Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
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fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
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Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
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esidues leave energy on the table b
Page 96 and 97: The industry’s most strenuous cha
Page 98 and 99: pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
Page 100 and 101: The result has been satisfactory, i
Page 102 and 103: City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
Page 104 and 105: cut energy consumption 10%. But his
Page 106 and 107: Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
Page 108 and 109: achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
Page 110 and 111: (Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
Page 112 and 113: e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
Page 114 and 115: District Energy’s intervention re
Page 116 and 117: Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
Page 118 and 119: 1994 Legislature - As part of the P
Page 120 and 121: Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
Page 122 and 123: Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
Page 124 and 125: For more information, contact Paul
Page 126 and 127: Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
Page 128 and 129: USDA Rural Development Because biom
Page 130 and 131: egion encompassing approximately 13
Page 132 and 133: the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
Page 134 and 135: certain communities located in inel
Page 136 and 137: Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
Page 138 and 139: http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
Page 140 and 141: NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
Page 142 and 143: The Energy Act also established the
Page 144 and 145: Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
Page 148 and 149: $0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
Page 150 and 151: plant characteristics and plant exp
Page 152 and 153: Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
Page 154 and 155: Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
Page 156 and 157: Disregarding the manure digester, t
Page 158 and 159: CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
Page 160 and 161: Biomass also tends to have a low en
Page 162 and 163: Learning more about the energy pote
Page 164 and 165: Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
Page 166 and 167: e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
Page 168 and 169: To realize its goal, a mandate must
Page 170 and 171: alone. A decade or two from now, ev
Page 172 and 173: project in South Dakota because it
Page 174 and 175: surrounding air permits for biomass
Page 176 and 177: CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
Page 178 and 179: OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
Page 180 and 181: for a full-time permit is more comp
Page 182 and 183: While this study did not focus spec
Page 184 and 185: Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
Page 186 and 187: pipelines, city water and sewer con
Page 188 and 189: ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power p
Page 190 and 191: AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
Page 192 and 193: Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
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Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
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Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
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McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
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Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
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Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
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Xenergy and Energetic Management As
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OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
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Field Characteristics Energy Conten
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Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
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Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
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“Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
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2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
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Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
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Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
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Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $
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APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
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Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
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Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
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RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
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Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
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CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
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NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
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TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
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INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
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Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
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Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
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Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
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FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
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