Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power project will need a number of environmental permits from the state. The permits required for a given facility will vary depending on its size, the fuels it will use, and its emissions and effluents. Since projects vary so much in their particulars, we won’t try here to summarize all the specific permits that might be called for. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS There are three general types of environmental assessments that the Minnesota Environmental Quality Board may require of specific bio-power projects: an Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW) and/or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). These assessments are preliminary to any other governmental approvals. The EQB offers a third alternative to communities rather than to specific projects: the Alternative Urban Area-wide Review (AUAR). Environmental Assessment Worksheet Environmental Assessment Worksheets (EAW) are prepared by the Responsible Governing Unit (RGU) for a proposed facility. Following the completion of the EAW the RGU must distribute the EAW to the Environmental Quality Board and all offices on the EQB’s official distribution list. Notice of the EAW will be published in the EQB Monitor, which begins the 30-day public comment period. Following the public comment period the RGU will respond to comments, issue findings of fact, and decide if an Environmental Impact Statement is necessary. If no EIS is necessary the project is eligible to receive state permits. Environmental Impact Statement An environmental impact statement is a much more in-depth review of the environmental effects of a proposed facility. An EIS may be required by the RGU based on the Findings of Fact of the EAW. The EIS analyzes environmental, social, and economic impacts of a proposed project. The first step of an EIS is scoping or deciding what impacts and alternatives will be covered by the EIS and to what extent. It is prepared by the RGU and submitted for public review and comment for at least 25 working days (EQB, 1998). The RGU then completes the final document based on the comments received, and makes a decision as to the sufficiency of the EIS. If the EIS is deemed sufficient the facility becomes eligible for state permits. The rules governing the need for an EAW, or EIS, and the assignment of the RGU are complex. The environmental Quality Board, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the Minnesota Public Utilities commission all have information available on their websites to help project developers navigate the process. Alternative Urban Area-Wide Review In the AUAR process, the RGU, in advance of any specific development project, prepares a review of an entire area within its jurisdiction rather than one isolated site. That is sent to the EQB and. Any subsequent project within the AUAR boundaries that conforms to the AUAR’s characterizations is approved without having to go through other reviews. Identifying Effective <strong>Biomass</strong> Strategies: Page 167 Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
The EQB staff recommend the AUAR over an EIS because it offers advantages to community and developer alike: a holistic rather than piecemeal approach, fewer public hearings, a shorter timeline, lower overall costs, and pre-approved sites for development. Size Criteria for Environmental Reviews The following information provides a general overview of the considerations for different sized plants. It should not be seen as a definitive explanation of the environmental permitting process.
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FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
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OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
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This net-net amount usable for fuel
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Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
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Chapter XI: Project Development Han
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Fuel Selection Considerations......
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Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
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APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES .........
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Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
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CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
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into renewable technologies that su
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BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
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CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
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when evaluating individual projects
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450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 4
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For purposes of this analysis, all
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Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
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Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000
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30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
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Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
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Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
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primary purpose, like food, animal
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Manures Variability. Depending on t
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equipment, logistics, soil health,
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Even a limited contribution to Minn
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Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
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Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
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Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
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$9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
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PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
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Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
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Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
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Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
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fuels exceeding the moisture conten
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• Rail. For most biomass plants,
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CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
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Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
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suspends them as they burn. Spreade
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Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
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Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
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• increased thermal to electrical
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Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
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Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
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fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
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Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
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esidues leave energy on the table b
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The industry’s most strenuous cha
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pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
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The result has been satisfactory, i
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City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
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cut energy consumption 10%. But his
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Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
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achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
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(Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
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e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
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District Energy’s intervention re
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Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
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1994 Legislature - As part of the P
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Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
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Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
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For more information, contact Paul
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Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
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USDA Rural Development Because biom
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egion encompassing approximately 13
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the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
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certain communities located in inel
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Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
Page 138 and 139: http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
Page 140 and 141: NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
Page 142 and 143: The Energy Act also established the
Page 144 and 145: Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
Page 146 and 147: expenses, rate of return, inflation
Page 148 and 149: $0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
Page 150 and 151: plant characteristics and plant exp
Page 152 and 153: Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
Page 154 and 155: Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
Page 156 and 157: Disregarding the manure digester, t
Page 158 and 159: CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
Page 160 and 161: Biomass also tends to have a low en
Page 162 and 163: Learning more about the energy pote
Page 164 and 165: Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
Page 166 and 167: e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
Page 168 and 169: To realize its goal, a mandate must
Page 170 and 171: alone. A decade or two from now, ev
Page 172 and 173: project in South Dakota because it
Page 174 and 175: surrounding air permits for biomass
Page 176 and 177: CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
Page 178 and 179: OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
Page 180 and 181: for a full-time permit is more comp
Page 182 and 183: While this study did not focus spec
Page 184 and 185: Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
Page 186 and 187: pipelines, city water and sewer con
Page 190 and 191: AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
Page 192 and 193: Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
Page 196 and 197: Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
Page 198 and 199: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
Page 200 and 201: Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
Page 202 and 203: McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
Page 204 and 205: Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
Page 206 and 207: Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
Page 208: Xenergy and Energetic Management As
Page 211 and 212: OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
Page 213 and 214: Field Characteristics Energy Conten
Page 215 and 216: Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
Page 217 and 218: Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
Page 219 and 220: “Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
Page 221 and 222: 2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
Page 223 and 224: Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
Page 225 and 226: Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
Page 227 and 228: Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
Page 232 and 233: Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
Page 234 and 235: Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
Page 236 and 237: RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
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Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
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CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
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NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
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TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
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INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
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Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
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Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
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Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
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FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
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