Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 400,000 350,000 Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Alfalfa Hay Barley Grain Canola Grain Corn Sileage Oat Grain Potato Dry Beans Soybean Grain Sugar Beets Wheat Grain Sweet Corn Sunflower Grain Seeds Canola Grain 0% Barley Grain 0% Alfalfa Hay 7% Wheat Grain 4% Sweet Corn Grain 2% Sugar Beets 14% Sunflower Seeds 0% Corn Sileage 4% Dry Beans 0% Oat Grain 0% Potato 1% Soybean Grain 17% Figure II-3: Total Energy (Crops) Figure II-4: Total Energy by Percentage (Crops) Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Page 11 Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Crop Residues Wastes from the field, like leaves, stems, and stalks, etc. Specific crop residues listed in BioPET include: Barley Straw, Oat Straw, Wheat Straw, Corn Stover, Sunflower Stalks, Sweet Corn Stalks, and Other Hays/Switchgrass Hays, straws and stalks constitute Minnesota’s second-largest segment of agricultural biomass. Totaling approximately 434,000 billion BTU, residues represent slightly more than half of the energy value of crops, but they may offer more potential for bio-power development because, unlike crops which are sought-after commodities, residues are mostly unused (although researchers are studying how much has to be plowed under to maintain the health of soils). The single largest of these wastes is corn stover, 80% of the total. Other significant contributors are wheat straw (7%), hays and straws on CRP land (7%), and other hays/switchgrass (3%). Page 12 Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
Page 4 and 5: OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
Page 6 and 7: This net-net amount usable for fuel
Page 8 and 9: Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
Page 10: Chapter XI: Project Development Han
Page 13 and 14: Fuel Selection Considerations......
Page 15 and 16: Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
Page 17 and 18: APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES .........
Page 19 and 20: Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
Page 24 and 25: into renewable technologies that su
Page 26 and 27: BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
Page 30 and 31: when evaluating individual projects
Page 34 and 35: For purposes of this analysis, all
Page 36 and 37: Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
Page 38 and 39: Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000
Page 40 and 41: 30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
Page 42 and 43: Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
Page 44 and 45: Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
Page 46 and 47: primary purpose, like food, animal
Page 48 and 49: Manures Variability. Depending on t
Page 50 and 51: equipment, logistics, soil health,
Page 52 and 53: Even a limited contribution to Minn
Page 54 and 55: Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
Page 56 and 57: Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
Page 58 and 59: Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
Page 60 and 61: $9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
Page 62 and 63: PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
Page 64 and 65: Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
Page 66 and 67: Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
Page 68 and 69: Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
Page 70 and 71: fuels exceeding the moisture conten
Page 72 and 73: • Rail. For most biomass plants,
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
Page 76 and 77: Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
Page 78 and 79: suspends them as they burn. Spreade
Page 80 and 81: Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
Page 82 and 83:
Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
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• increased thermal to electrical
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Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
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Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
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fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
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Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
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esidues leave energy on the table b
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The industry’s most strenuous cha
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pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
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The result has been satisfactory, i
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City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
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cut energy consumption 10%. But his
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Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
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achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
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(Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
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e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
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District Energy’s intervention re
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Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
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1994 Legislature - As part of the P
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Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
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Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
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For more information, contact Paul
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Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
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USDA Rural Development Because biom
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egion encompassing approximately 13
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the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
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certain communities located in inel
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Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
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http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
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NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
Page 142 and 143:
The Energy Act also established the
Page 144 and 145:
Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
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expenses, rate of return, inflation
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$0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
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plant characteristics and plant exp
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Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
Page 154 and 155:
Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
Page 156 and 157:
Disregarding the manure digester, t
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CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
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Biomass also tends to have a low en
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Learning more about the energy pote
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Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
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e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
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To realize its goal, a mandate must
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alone. A decade or two from now, ev
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project in South Dakota because it
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surrounding air permits for biomass
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CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
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OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
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for a full-time permit is more comp
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While this study did not focus spec
Page 184 and 185:
Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
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pipelines, city water and sewer con
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ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power p
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AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
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Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
Page 196 and 197:
Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
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Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
Page 202 and 203:
McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
Page 204 and 205:
Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
Page 206 and 207:
Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
Page 208:
Xenergy and Energetic Management As
Page 211 and 212:
OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
Page 213 and 214:
Field Characteristics Energy Conten
Page 215 and 216:
Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
Page 217 and 218:
Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
Page 219 and 220:
“Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
Page 221 and 222:
2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
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Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
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Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
Page 227 and 228:
Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $
Page 230 and 231:
APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
Page 232 and 233:
Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
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Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
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RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
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Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
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CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
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NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
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TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
Page 248 and 249:
INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
Page 250 and 251:
Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
Page 252 and 253:
Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
Page 254 and 255:
Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
Page 256 and 257:
FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
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Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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