Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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variables, while holding all other variables constant. The sensitivity analysis is presented in terms of the relative (%) change of each variable, as opposed to an absolute change in value. Sensitivity Analysis Feedstock Costs 0.18 0.16 0.14 Cost of Energy ($/kWh, Constant) 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Relative Change (%) Figure A-12: Sensitivity Analysis Graph LOGS Since the Feedstock Log and the Project Scenario Log each have a comparative data point that allows the user to evaluate different strategies (ie. $/MMBtu and $/kWh respectively), basic graphing functionality was included to compare all data entries. This can be found at the far right column of each Log sheet. When pressed it creates a chart as shown in the example below. Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Page A-17 Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $0.130 $ / kWh (LAC - constant $) $0.125 $0.120 $0.115 $0.110 $0.105 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Project Scenario Figure A-13: Example of Project Log Scenario Graph Figure A-14: Directory Screen Page A-18 Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
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FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
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OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
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This net-net amount usable for fuel
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Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
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Chapter XI: Project Development Han
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Fuel Selection Considerations......
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Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
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APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES .........
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Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
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CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
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into renewable technologies that su
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BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
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CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
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when evaluating individual projects
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450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 4
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For purposes of this analysis, all
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Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
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Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000
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30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
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Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
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Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
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primary purpose, like food, animal
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Manures Variability. Depending on t
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equipment, logistics, soil health,
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Even a limited contribution to Minn
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Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
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Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
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Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
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$9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
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PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
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Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
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Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
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Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
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fuels exceeding the moisture conten
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• Rail. For most biomass plants,
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CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
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Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
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suspends them as they burn. Spreade
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Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
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Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
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• increased thermal to electrical
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Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
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Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
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fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
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Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
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esidues leave energy on the table b
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The industry’s most strenuous cha
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pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
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The result has been satisfactory, i
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City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
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cut energy consumption 10%. But his
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Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
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achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
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(Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
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e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
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District Energy’s intervention re
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Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
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1994 Legislature - As part of the P
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Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
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Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
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For more information, contact Paul
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Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
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USDA Rural Development Because biom
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egion encompassing approximately 13
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the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
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certain communities located in inel
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Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
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http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
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NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
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The Energy Act also established the
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Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
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expenses, rate of return, inflation
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$0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
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plant characteristics and plant exp
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Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
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Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
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Disregarding the manure digester, t
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CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
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Biomass also tends to have a low en
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Learning more about the energy pote
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Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
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e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
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To realize its goal, a mandate must
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alone. A decade or two from now, ev
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project in South Dakota because it
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surrounding air permits for biomass
Page 176 and 177: CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
Page 178 and 179: OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
Page 180 and 181: for a full-time permit is more comp
Page 182 and 183: While this study did not focus spec
Page 184 and 185: Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
Page 186 and 187: pipelines, city water and sewer con
Page 188 and 189: ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power p
Page 190 and 191: AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
Page 192 and 193: Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
Page 196 and 197: Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
Page 198 and 199: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
Page 200 and 201: Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
Page 202 and 203: McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
Page 204 and 205: Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
Page 206 and 207: Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
Page 208: Xenergy and Energetic Management As
Page 211 and 212: OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
Page 213 and 214: Field Characteristics Energy Conten
Page 215 and 216: Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
Page 217 and 218: Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
Page 219 and 220: “Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
Page 221 and 222: 2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
Page 223 and 224: Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
Page 225: Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
Page 232 and 233: Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
Page 234 and 235: Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
Page 236 and 237: RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
Page 238 and 239: Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
Page 240 and 241: CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
Page 242 and 243: NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
Page 244: TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
Page 248 and 249: INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
Page 250 and 251: Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
Page 252 and 253: Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
Page 254 and 255: Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
Page 256 and 257: FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
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Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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