Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Feedstock and Site Selection............................................................................................164 Sufficient Feedstock Supplies ............................................................................................164 Access to Existing Utility Infrastructure .............................................................................164 Access to Adequate Transportation Infrastructure.......................................................165 Sufficient Water Supplies....................................................................................................165 Supportive Local Community ...........................................................................................165 Facility Design ..........................................................................................................................165 Financing ..................................................................................................................................165 Biomass Project Finance Steps..........................................................................................166 Environmental Permits ............................................................................................................167 Environmental Assessments...................................................................................................167 Environmental Assessment Worksheet.............................................................................167 Environmental Impact Statement ....................................................................................167 Alternative Urban Area-wide Review ..............................................................................167 Size criteria for Environmental Reviews............................................................................168 Air Permits .................................................................................................................................169 Air Emissions Risk Analysis (AERA) ......................................................................................169 Water Permits ...........................................................................................................................169 Ground Water......................................................................................................................169 Surface Water ......................................................................................................................170 Water Discharge Permit .....................................................................................................170 Public Waters Work Permit .................................................................................................170 Utility Interconnection and Rate Agreements ....................................................................170 Utility Interconnection.........................................................................................................170 Rate Agreements ................................................................................................................171 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES...............................................................................................173 APPENDIX A : BIOPET MANUAL ..................................................................................................A-1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................A-1 Overall Structure......................................................................................................................A-2 Feedstock Scenario ............................................................................................................A-2 Power Plant Scenario..........................................................................................................A-2 Project Summary .................................................................................................................A-2 Biomass Feedstocks................................................................................................................A-3 Field Characteristics............................................................................................................A-4 Defining the Fuel Delivery Path.........................................................................................A-5 Electric Generating Facility .................................................................................................A-10 Power Plant Characteristics ............................................................................................A-10 Non-Electrical Energy Income ........................................................................................A-11 Expenses .............................................................................................................................A-13 Financing ............................................................................................................................A-14 Save This Power Plant .......................................................................................................A-15 Project Summary ...................................................................................................................A-16 Results..................................................................................................................................A-16 Sensitivity Analysis..............................................................................................................A-16 Logs..........................................................................................................................................A-17 Resource Directory................................................................................................................A-19 APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST ......................................................................................B-1 APPENDIX C : FEEDSTOCK CHARACTERISTICS..........................................................................C-1
APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................D-1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................D-1 Crop Residues ..........................................................................................................................D-1 Major Sources ......................................................................................................................D-1 Feedstock Specific Assumptions.......................................................................................D-2 Crops .........................................................................................................................................D-3 Crop Processing Residues......................................................................................................D-5 Wood .........................................................................................................................................D-6 Manures ....................................................................................................................................D-7 Animal Processing Wastes .....................................................................................................D-8 Other Waste Streams ..............................................................................................................D-8 Fossil Fuels.................................................................................................................................D-9
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
Page 4 and 5: OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
Page 6 and 7: This net-net amount usable for fuel
Page 8 and 9: Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
Page 10: Chapter XI: Project Development Han
Page 13 and 14: Fuel Selection Considerations......
Page 15: Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
Page 19 and 20: Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
Page 24 and 25: into renewable technologies that su
Page 26 and 27: BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
Page 30 and 31: when evaluating individual projects
Page 32 and 33: 450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 4
Page 34 and 35: For purposes of this analysis, all
Page 36 and 37: Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
Page 38 and 39: Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000
Page 40 and 41: 30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
Page 42 and 43: Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
Page 44 and 45: Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
Page 46 and 47: primary purpose, like food, animal
Page 48 and 49: Manures Variability. Depending on t
Page 50 and 51: equipment, logistics, soil health,
Page 52 and 53: Even a limited contribution to Minn
Page 54 and 55: Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
Page 56 and 57: Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
Page 58 and 59: Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
Page 60 and 61: $9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
Page 62 and 63: PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
Page 64 and 65: Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
Page 66 and 67:
Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
Page 68 and 69:
Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
Page 70 and 71:
fuels exceeding the moisture conten
Page 72 and 73:
• Rail. For most biomass plants,
Page 74 and 75:
CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
Page 76 and 77:
Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
Page 78 and 79:
suspends them as they burn. Spreade
Page 80 and 81:
Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
Page 82 and 83:
Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
Page 84 and 85:
• increased thermal to electrical
Page 86 and 87:
Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
Page 88 and 89:
Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
Page 90 and 91:
fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
Page 92 and 93:
Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
Page 94 and 95:
esidues leave energy on the table b
Page 96 and 97:
The industry’s most strenuous cha
Page 98 and 99:
pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
Page 100 and 101:
The result has been satisfactory, i
Page 102 and 103:
City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
Page 104 and 105:
cut energy consumption 10%. But his
Page 106 and 107:
Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
Page 108 and 109:
achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
Page 110 and 111:
(Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
Page 112 and 113:
e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
Page 114 and 115:
District Energy’s intervention re
Page 116 and 117:
Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
Page 118 and 119:
1994 Legislature - As part of the P
Page 120 and 121:
Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
Page 122 and 123:
Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
Page 124 and 125:
For more information, contact Paul
Page 126 and 127:
Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
Page 128 and 129:
USDA Rural Development Because biom
Page 130 and 131:
egion encompassing approximately 13
Page 132 and 133:
the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
Page 134 and 135:
certain communities located in inel
Page 136 and 137:
Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
Page 138 and 139:
http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
Page 140 and 141:
NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
Page 142 and 143:
The Energy Act also established the
Page 144 and 145:
Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
Page 146 and 147:
expenses, rate of return, inflation
Page 148 and 149:
$0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
Page 150 and 151:
plant characteristics and plant exp
Page 152 and 153:
Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
Page 154 and 155:
Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
Page 156 and 157:
Disregarding the manure digester, t
Page 158 and 159:
CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
Page 160 and 161:
Biomass also tends to have a low en
Page 162 and 163:
Learning more about the energy pote
Page 164 and 165:
Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
Page 166 and 167:
e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
Page 168 and 169:
To realize its goal, a mandate must
Page 170 and 171:
alone. A decade or two from now, ev
Page 172 and 173:
project in South Dakota because it
Page 174 and 175:
surrounding air permits for biomass
Page 176 and 177:
CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
Page 178 and 179:
OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
Page 180 and 181:
for a full-time permit is more comp
Page 182 and 183:
While this study did not focus spec
Page 184 and 185:
Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
Page 186 and 187:
pipelines, city water and sewer con
Page 188 and 189:
ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power p
Page 190 and 191:
AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
Page 192 and 193:
Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
Page 196 and 197:
Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
Page 198 and 199:
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
Page 200 and 201:
Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
Page 202 and 203:
McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
Page 204 and 205:
Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
Page 206 and 207:
Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
Page 208:
Xenergy and Energetic Management As
Page 211 and 212:
OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
Page 213 and 214:
Field Characteristics Energy Conten
Page 215 and 216:
Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
Page 217 and 218:
Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
Page 219 and 220:
“Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
Page 221 and 222:
2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
Page 223 and 224:
Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
Page 225 and 226:
Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
Page 227 and 228:
Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $
Page 230 and 231:
APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
Page 232 and 233:
Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
Page 234 and 235:
Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
Page 236 and 237:
RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
Page 238 and 239:
Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
Page 240 and 241:
CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
Page 242 and 243:
NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
Page 244:
TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
Page 248 and 249:
INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
Page 250 and 251:
Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
Page 252 and 253:
Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
Page 254 and 255:
Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
Page 256 and 257:
FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
show all

Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?