Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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Billion Btu 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 Softwood Timber Softwood Timber 63% Brushland 3% CRP Trees 0% Urban Wood Waste 3% Primary Mill Residues 2% Logging Residues 4% 100,000 50,000 0 Logging Residues Aspen Timber Hardwood Timber (except Aspen) Brushland CRP Trees Urban Wood Waste Primary Mill Residues Hardwood Timber (except Aspen) 6% Aspen Timber 19% Figure II-9: Total Energy (Wood) Figure II-10: Total Energy by Percentage (Wood) Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Page 17 Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Manures Wastes generated by livestock. The specific manures listed in BioPET are from: Feedstocks include manures from: Beef, Dairy, Hogs, Sheep, Broilers, Layers, and Turkeys Manure is the fifth-largest category of biomass in Minnesota. Minnesota livestock annually produce manure containing approximately 72,000 billion BTUs. Dairy and beef manure contribute the most with approximately 37% and 31% respectively. Hog manure is next with 19%, and other sources are turkey manure (8%) and sheep manure (3%). Page 18 Identifying Effective Biomass Strategies: Quantifying Minnesota’s Resources and Evaluating Future Opportunities
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT Identifying Effective
Page 4 and 5: OVERVIEW The profile of bio-power (
Page 6 and 7: This net-net amount usable for fuel
Page 8 and 9: Chapter VII: Government Policies, I
Page 10: Chapter XI: Project Development Han
Page 13 and 14: Fuel Selection Considerations......
Page 15 and 16: Carbon Emissions Policy ...........
Page 17 and 18: APPENDIX D : DATA SOURCES .........
Page 19 and 20: Figure VII-1: A Timeline of Minneso
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION Bio-power
Page 24 and 25: into renewable technologies that su
Page 26 and 27: BioPET Figure I-2: BioPET Main Scre
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER II : BIOMASS FUELS BIOMASS
Page 30 and 31: when evaluating individual projects
Page 32 and 33: 450,000 Corn Grain Corn Grain 51% 4
Page 34 and 35: For purposes of this analysis, all
Page 36 and 37: Billion Btu 70,000 60,000 50,000 40
Page 40 and 41: 30,000 Dairy Manure Hog Manure 19%
Page 42 and 43: Identifying Effective Biomass Strat
Page 44 and 45: Dedicated Energy Crops Crops raised
Page 46 and 47: primary purpose, like food, animal
Page 48 and 49: Manures Variability. Depending on t
Page 50 and 51: equipment, logistics, soil health,
Page 52 and 53: Even a limited contribution to Minn
Page 54 and 55: Since NASS doesn’t provide a simi
Page 56 and 57: Billion Btu 160,000 140,000 120,000
Page 58 and 59: Capacity Factor = The amount of tim
Page 60 and 61: $9.00 $0.06 $8.00 $7.00 $3.16 $ per
Page 62 and 63: PHYSICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BIOMASS
Page 64 and 65: Thermal treatment of SSO also invol
Page 66 and 67: Wood Chipping Trees and logging res
Page 68 and 69: Baled Agricultural Biomass Preparin
Page 70 and 71: fuels exceeding the moisture conten
Page 72 and 73: • Rail. For most biomass plants,
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER V : BIO-POWER CONVERSION TE
Page 76 and 77: Pile Burners Pile burners are a ver
Page 78 and 79: suspends them as they burn. Spreade
Page 80 and 81: Technology Type Table V-1: Emission
Page 82 and 83: Fuel (Gas) COMBUSTOR COMPRESSOR TUR
Page 84 and 85: • increased thermal to electrical
Page 86 and 87: Biodiesel has somewhat different ma
Page 88 and 89:
Table V-4: Bio-Power Generation Res
Page 90 and 91:
fuel plant to co-fire biomass than
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Co-Firing Gasified or Liquefied Bio
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esidues leave energy on the table b
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The industry’s most strenuous cha
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pulp from logs. Minnesota’s two c
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The result has been satisfactory, i
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City (plant name) Table VI-6: Ethan
Page 104 and 105:
cut energy consumption 10%. But his
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Laurentian Energy in Hibbing and Vi
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achieve a 50 reduction in overall e
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(Nelson and Lamb, 2002) Figure VI-4
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e a 75 MW plant using alfalfa stems
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District Energy’s intervention re
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Fibrominn Concerns about the enviro
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1994 Legislature - As part of the P
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Minnesota Jobs Opportunities Buildi
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Real Estate Tax Exemptions Since re
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For more information, contact Paul
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Fort Snelling, MN 55111-4007 612-71
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USDA Rural Development Because biom
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egion encompassing approximately 13
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the boundaries of the Taconite Assi
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certain communities located in inel
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Suitable borrowers. For-profit SBCs
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http://www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/js
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NEW POLICY INITIATIVES Community-Ba
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The Energy Act also established the
Page 144 and 145:
Overall Structure Fuel Delivery Pat
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expenses, rate of return, inflation
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$0.350 295 kW CHP $0.300 $0.250 $0.
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plant characteristics and plant exp
Page 152 and 153:
Table VIII-4: Power Plant Financial
Page 154 and 155:
Table VIII-7: Scenario Definitions
Page 156 and 157:
Disregarding the manure digester, t
Page 158 and 159:
CHAPTER IX : OVERCOMING BARRIERS Mi
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Biomass also tends to have a low en
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Learning more about the energy pote
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Recent projects in Minnesota and ne
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e calculated. Plants above 10 MW do
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To realize its goal, a mandate must
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alone. A decade or two from now, ev
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project in South Dakota because it
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surrounding air permits for biomass
Page 176 and 177:
CHAPTER X : SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES W
Page 178 and 179:
OPPORTUNITY 4: RETROFITTING EXISTIN
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for a full-time permit is more comp
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While this study did not focus spec
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Waste Landfill: a contract with a l
Page 186 and 187:
pipelines, city water and sewer con
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ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS A bio-power p
Page 190 and 191:
AIR PERMITS The Minnesota Pollution
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Rate Agreements Facilities of 10 M
Page 194 and 195:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES The foll
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Cinergy Business Solutions - Combin
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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Ene
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Gordon, G. (2005, December 26). Wat
Page 202 and 203:
McNeil Technologies, Inc. (2003). B
Page 204 and 205:
Pollution Control Agency, ed. [PCA]
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Stephens, W.R. (2006, March). A Bio
Page 208:
Xenergy and Energetic Management As
Page 211 and 212:
OVERALL STRUCTURE The evaluation to
Page 213 and 214:
Field Characteristics Energy Conten
Page 215 and 216:
Feedstock Site Processing Yard (opt
Page 217 and 218:
Storage Facility Figure A-6: Feedst
Page 219 and 220:
“Logs” in the Navigation Menu.
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2001 legislation ordered Minnesota
Page 223 and 224:
Figure A-10: Financial Assumption S
Page 225 and 226:
Navigation Menu. Note that every ti
Page 227 and 228:
Project Comparisons $0.140 $0.135 $
Page 230 and 231:
APPENDIX B : INDUSTRY CONTACT LIST
Page 232 and 233:
Clean Energy Resource Teams (CERTs)
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Home Farms Technologies Brandon, Ma
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RCM Digesters Berkeley, CA 94704 (5
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Table B-2: Categorized List CATEGOR
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CONSULTING RW Beck St. Paul, MN 551
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NON- PROFIT/ADVOCACY The Minnesota
Page 244:
TECHNOLOGY VENDOR Recovered Energy
Page 248 and 249:
INTRODUCTION APPENDIX D : DATA SOUR
Page 250 and 251:
Sweet Corn Stalks • Inventory/Ava
Page 252 and 253:
Sugar Beets • Material Characteri
Page 254 and 255:
Aspen 8 • Material Characteristic
Page 256 and 257:
FOSSIL FUELS Minnesota Average Coal
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Biomass Feasibility Project Final Report - Xcel Energy

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