Solid Radioactive Waste Strategy Report.pdf - UK EPR

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EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 32 / 257 The GDF is, according to current plans, being designed to accommodate some types of LLW (that does not meet the acceptability criteria for disposal at LLWR), Intermediate Level Waste (ILW), High Level Waste (HLW) and certain legacy spent fuel [Ref.18]. RWMD has produced a Generic Waste Package Specification [Ref.19] which defines the criterion that waste packages will be required to meet for transport to and disposal in a GDF. In light of the government White Paper on the future of nuclear power [Ref. 3], the ability of the GDF to accommodate waste from new build stations such as the UK EPR is also being addressed under the Managing Radioactive Waste Safely (MRWS) programme. The transport of waste packages from a waste producing site to the proposed Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) will be carried out by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) Radioactive Waste Management Directorate (RWMD) [Ref.20]. The risks arising from this operation are assessed in a Generic Transport Safety Assessment [Ref.21]. The RWMD’s Letter of Compliance (LoC) process, provides assurance that a waste transport package meets the foreseen requirements for transport of packaged radioactive waste from its site of interim storage as well as disposal within the proposed GDF.
EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 33 / 257 4 CATEGORIES OF SOLID RADIOACTIVE WASTE Radioactive waste is categorised in the UK dependent on the level of radioactivity in the waste. These types are LLW, ILW and HLW or heat generating waste. In addition to the waste categories listed above spent fuel is also included in the scope of this report. Further information on the UK regulatory context for the management of spent fuel is provided below. spent fuel is not a waste. Most of the waste produced by the UK EPR, especially during decommissioning, will not be radioactive. Each waste arising will be assessed in order to determine if it is exempt from regulatory control under RSA 93 [Ref.10]. 4.1 Exempt Wastes RSA93 contains a number of Exemption Orders for waste which due to its low activity levels is exempt from regulatory control under the Act. These exclusions or exemptions mostly require the radioactivity concentration or specific activity of the article or substance to be below specified values, which must be satisfied in addition to the other requirements. The Substances of Low Activity (SoLA) Exemption Order [Ref.10] specifies that wastes containing artificial radioactivity of less than 0.4 Bq/g, which are essentially insoluble in water, are exempt from regulatory control under RSA93. The UK nuclear industry has produced an Industry Code of Practice for clearance and exemption of materials and waste [Ref.22]. The Code of Practice details the principles, processes and practices that should be used when determining whether an article or material may be released from any further controls on the basis of radiological protection considerations. 4.2 Very Low Level Waste LLW containing lower levels of activity is further sub-categorised VLLW. The definitions of this waste and disposal routes for the waste are described below. VLLW falls into two categories these are: · Low volume very low level solid waste (Low volume VLLW); · High volume very low level solid waste (High volume VLLW). Low volume VLLW is defined in reference 23 as: ‘radioactive waste which can be safely disposed of to an unspecified destination with municipal, commercial or industrial waste. Each 0.1 m 3 of waste must contain less than 400 kilobecquerels (kBq) of total activity or single items containing less than 40 kBq of total activity’. For wastes containing carbon-14 or tritium: · ‘In each 0.1 m 3 , the activity limit is 4000 kBq for carbon-14 and tritium taken together, and, · for any single item, the activity limit is 400 kBq for carbon-14 and tritium taken together. ’
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