Solid Radioactive Waste Strategy Report.pdf - UK EPR

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EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 54 / 257 AVOID MINIMISE Most favorable option RE-USE Increased sustainability RECYCLE DISPOSE FIGURE 7: THE WASTE HIERARCHY Least favorable option 7.2 Best Available Technique It is a legal requirement under the RSA93 that the Best Available Technique (BAT) must be applied both to minimise the production of relevant wastes and to minimise the discharge of radioactivity into the environment. In regard to the Reference Case (Based on the Flamanville 3 EPR), Chapter 8 of the PCER provides an evaluation of environmental options considered and shows that the BATs have been used to minimise the production and discharge and disposal of waste. As BAT is largely a relative, not absolute, criterion, it is essential that utilities understand the full range of factors that may influence the selection of a chosen waste management option against a range of possible alternatives. Combinations of the options presented within this SRWSR could be used by utilities to demonstrate that their chosen waste management option makes use of the BAT. In the UK there are two particular challenges that need to be addressed by New Power Plant utilities: · recognising the influence of site specific issues; and · identifying what represents international ‘good practice’ through applying experience gained by the utilities in the development of specific plant and processes. It is the vendors intention to provide confidence that BAT solutions can be identified whilst preserving as much flexibility as possible to allow the utilities to demonstrate BAT. This is judged to be sensible approach given the range of uncertainties at this stage.
EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 55 / 257 7.3 Selected Techniques for the Treatment and Conditioning of Solid Waste Arisings The practices selected for use in the EPR have evolved over recent decades in various plants around the world. The options are listed below (see Table 12) and described in more detail later in this report. TABLE 12: OVERVIEW OF FEASIBLE TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE FOR THE TREATMENT AND CONDITIONING OF EPR WASTE ARISINGS Desired effect Selected options Concentrating and containing waste Evaporation, filtration, ion exchange, separation, drying and dewatering. Volume reduction of waste Avoidance, sorting, decay storage, incineration, compaction, shredding, decontamination, biological treatment, melting. Waste encapsulation Cementation, polymer encapsulation. The options listed in Table 12 and the following figures (see Figure 8, Figure 9 and Figure 10) illustrate the waste management techniques applied to liquid and solid waste treatment that form the basis of this strategy. Liquids and resins from reactor system and auxiliary systems Waste Water Collection Tanks Evaporator Monitoring Tank Liquid Discharge Centrifuge/ Filtration Unit Concentrate Tanks Concentrate Buffer Tank In-Drum Conditioning Drying Station Low Level Waste Repository Spent Resin Tank Dewatering Packaging/ Encapsulati on ILW Interim Store FIGURE 8: LIQUID EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEM
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