Solid Radioactive Waste Strategy Report.pdf - UK EPR

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EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 60 / 257 Design Data · System throughput: 70 m³ (batchwise, typical); · Decontamination factor of approximately 20. Advantages · Reduces chemical oxygen demand in discharges; · Minimises volume of waste for disposal; · Reduces organic content in residues; · High decontamination factor for radionuclides bound to organic constituents of the waste; · No secondary waste generated; · Can be combined with a separator or separator units. Disadvantages · Growth of micro-organisms can be inhibited by the presence of inappropriate chemcials. FIGURE 12: BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF LIQUID EFFLUENT 7.3.3 Liquid Effluent Treatment by Cross Flow Filtration Cross flow filtration systems have been used in many Nuclear Power Stations worldwide for the treatment of radioactive liquid effluent. There are several types of cross flow filtration systems available. These include: reverse osmosis, nano-filtration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration. The diversity of techniques available means that the techniques can be adapted to allow the treatment of specific liquid effluent types [Refs. 36, 37 and 38]. With careful design selection the cross flow filtration systems can be used to remove virtually all dissolved and suspended solids from radioactive liquid effluent.
EPR UK N° NESH-G/2008/en/0123 REV. A PAGE 61 / 257 Following monitoring, clean water leaving the cross flow filtration system can be directly discharged or sent for additional treatment. The concentrates resulting from the process require additional conditioning prior to disposal. Application · Treatment of all types of liquid effluent containing dissolved and undissolved solids. Design Data · System throughput: 10 m³/h (typical); · Decontamination factor: 10 to1000 (system and nuclide specific, typical values). Advantages · Volume reduction; · High decontamination factor; · No secondary waste; · Proven and compact design; · Automatic operation. Disadvantages · Concentrated sludges/slurries have to be conditioned prior to disposal; · Membrane can be prone to blocking or fouling. 7.3.4 Liquid Effluent Treatment By End of Pipe Filtration End of pipe filtration systems are used to remove suspended solids from liquid effluent containing low concentrations of suspended solids [Refs. 36 and 37]. The use of this technique is not economical for liquid effluent containing high quantities of suspended solids as the filters are rapidly blinded under these circumstances. The used filter cartridges are sent for conditioning and disposal. The volume of used filter cartridges generated from the use of this technique can be minimised by the use of self-cleaning filters and filter configurations that are amenable to back flushing. The typical minimum practical pore size of end of pipe filters used for cleaning of the radioactive liquid effluent is approximately 1 to 5 µm. The smaller the filtration pore size the more difficult it is to accommodate the volumes and flow rates required during liquid effluent treatment. Following monitoring, the liquid can be directly discharged or sent for additional treatment.
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