A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

More documents

Recommendations

Info

carelessly veer from this apostolic injunction, and thereby risk opening themselves up to spurious material in the name of an apostle. In the same vein, the attitude of the Pastorals appears to weaken the claim of pseudonymity. These letters lay such stress on the integrity of the author and so vehemently warn against deceivers, making it increasingly unlikely that a pseudonymous author would stress honesty (1 Tim. 4:1; 2 Tim. 3:13; Tit. 1:10). In Titus 3:3, the author confesses to having once been a deceiver. However, he is one no longer since he is now saved. Neither would a deceiver extol with such passion the character of God as “God who never lies” (Tit. 1:2). This general survey has attempted to show that pseudonymity is not an insurmountable theory and that insistence upon the authenticity of the letters is not an unreasonable one (Collins, 2002:4). Doubtless, there are valid theological perceptions put forward by proponents of pseudonymity (Childs, 1984:384), but the above factors still demand an adequate response. Proponents of pseudonymity have yet to produce proof for the acceptance of pseudonymous letters by the church and the onus rests upon them in this regard to produce such evidence (Carson, Moo, et al. 1992:371; Knight, 1992:47; Stott, 1997:33, Lenski, 1961:474). The insistence, that these letters owe their existence to a hand other than that of Paul, is therefore far from conclusive. ii) Fragment hypothesis Some distinctly Pauline elements and the rather distasteful associations of pseudonymity have led some scholars to postulate alternative authorship theories. The so called fragment theory has a modern proponent in Paul N. Harrison, but was apparently formulated as early as the late eighteen thirties by K.A. Credner. Harrison suggests that the author used authentic fragments written by Paul. This theory thus attempts to bridge the gaps left by the initial pseudonymity theory of Baur’s Tübingen school. It seeks to account on the one hand for the presence of vintage Pauline traits in these letters, and on the PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 19
other to explain what these critics call the “incoherence” of these letters (Carson, Moo, et al. 1992:366). Harrison originally identified five genuine fragments: Tit. 3:12-15; 2 Tim. 4:13-15, 20, 21a; 2 Tim. 4:16-18a and 2 Tim. 4:9-12,22b. He later modified his findings, reducing the number of fragments to three. James D. Miller, in his book, The Pastoral Letters as composite documents, critiqued Harrison’s theory. Miller amended the theory, arguing that the fragments should not be regarded as haphazardly preserved scraps of Pauline letters. Instead, the fragments should be seen as the original Pastoral letters. Miller best puts it as follows: “Each of our three Pastorals originated as an authentic note written by the apostle to Timothy and Titus” (1997:146). During the process of transmission from one generation to the next, these original letters were expanded by various editors who wanted to preserve the traditions as taught by the apostle for their own contexts. Miller claims, in support, that a similar process accounts for the book of Jeremiah. It must be conceded that Old Testament literature has influenced New Testament literature. However, what must be borne in mind is that the book of Jeremiah is not only an Old Testament document, but is also a different literary genre compared to the Pastorals. The Pastorals are epistolary literature, largely modelled after Greco-Roman prototypes. Moreover, it cannot be categorically maintained that the book of Jeremiah originated in the manner alleged by Miller. According to Miller, there are more than fifteen original “core Pauline notes” within the corpus (1997:147, 149, 150). Harrison’s original theory does not enjoy much support among scholars today, largely due to the lack of indisputable evidence (Hanson, 1982:10; Hultgren, 1984:18, Ellis, 1979:54). Its waning popularity is also related to the fact that this theory raises more questions than the answers it attempts to give (Carson, Moo, et al. 1992:366; Guthrie, 1990:636; Lea and Griffin, 1992:23, 24). PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 20
Page 1 and 2: A TEXT-CENTRED RHETORICAL ANALYSIS
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I declare that the diss
Page 5 and 6: SECTION 2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 2.1 R
Page 7 and 8: SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW
Page 9 and 10: The content of the authorship debat
Page 11 and 12: consistently identified as pioneer
Page 13 and 14: J. Quinn. Their list of scholars ad
Page 15 and 16: Uncharacteristic Pauline theology:
Page 17 and 18: etc. are not referring to actual pe
Page 19 and 20: History never lies” (Titus 1:2)?
Page 21: meaning as determined by historical
Page 25 and 26: 1.1.2.4 Conclusion The various theo
Page 27 and 28: Excursus: Cumulative-complimentary
Page 29 and 30: Lumping or clustering apparent oppo
Page 31 and 32: these letters on a more individual
Page 33 and 34: Furthermore, the name Jesus Christ
Page 35 and 36: C. 1. qeou` and swthvr depend on do
Page 37 and 38: accentuate the unmistakable role of
Page 39 and 40: order to prove issues of authorship
Page 41 and 42: Miller (1997:124) is particularly u
Page 43 and 44: Next, Van Neste goes on to show how
Page 45 and 46: There have been some recent excepti
Page 47 and 48: The first part of the analysis is e
Page 49 and 50: offer any translations in this rega
Page 51 and 52: novel. To the best of my knowledge,
Page 53 and 54: ather than as a supplement to the T
Page 55 and 56: Accordingly, the research hypothesi
Page 57 and 58: •Step 3: Where deemed necessary,
Page 59 and 60: The rhetorical situation correspond
Page 61 and 62: Titus' primary assignment is to app
Page 63 and 64: Throughout the letter, Paul shares
Page 65 and 66: equally negative conduct (1:16). In
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.1.1 Emphasising the legitimacy
Page 69 and 70: strategically throughout this secti
Page 71 and 72: This section is suffused with the r
Page 73 and 74:
and trustworthiness. This choice of
Page 75 and 76:
“By whose authority are you imple
Page 77 and 78:
“shared knowledge”. The qualiti
Page 79 and 80:
espectively within the same sentenc
Page 81 and 82:
dichotomy at the front end of this
Page 83 and 84:
church. Implicit contrasting is als
Page 85 and 86:
aijscrokerdhv", and these false tea
Page 87 and 88:
The second part of verse 13 contain
Page 89 and 90:
different groups. He relentlessly p
Page 91 and 92:
implicit contrasting. The negative
Page 93 and 94:
marker is the use of the plural of
Page 95 and 96:
instruction in this regard. “Heal
Page 97 and 98:
almost desirable. Thus, legitimate
Page 99 and 100:
The subject is the older women. Thi
Page 101 and 102:
negatively upon the oJ lovgo" tou`
Page 103 and 104:
2.2.5.6 The behaviour of slaves In
Page 105 and 106:
or originating from God (tou' … q
Page 107 and 108:
to God and this paves the way for t
Page 109 and 110:
This explains the use of inclusive
Page 111 and 112:
Furthermore, through the direct rep
Page 113 and 114:
what grace is instructing the belie
Page 115 and 116:
Paul demonstrates that he is himsel
Page 117 and 118:
The section closes with the apostle
Page 119 and 120:
Another technique is personificatio
Page 121 and 122:
the apostle adopts to persuade his
Page 123 and 124:
Most commentators treat ejxousivai
Page 125 and 126:
person. Interestingly, both instanc
Page 127 and 128:
2.2.8 Titus 3:3: Evoking disgust wi
Page 129 and 130:
purpose while Mounce (2000:446) bel
Page 131 and 132:
negative. Paranomasia and the metap
Page 133 and 134:
conformity to the divine example. I
Page 135 and 136:
as traditional, with verse 3 as an
Page 137 and 138:
aptism effected by the Holy Spirit
Page 139 and 140:
exclusively or that this constitute
Page 141 and 142:
through self-vilification in the op
Page 143 and 144:
crhstovth" and filanqrwpiva of God
Page 145 and 146:
ejpoihvsamen hJmei`" (works) ajlla;
Page 147 and 148:
these titles. The future appearance
Page 149 and 150:
The certainty and completeness of t
Page 151 and 152:
The next two words in v. 7 are exam
Page 153 and 154:
their salvation by God. The divine
Page 155 and 156:
discourse. In this regard, consider
Page 157 and 158:
two groups is accentuated and the d
Page 159 and 160:
Verse 9 opens with the adversative
Page 161 and 162:
awareness of the insidiousness of f
Page 163 and 164:
This is a very tight unit, carefull
Page 165 and 166:
turn, requires the presence of soun
Page 167 and 168:
closing greeting to the Cretans inv
Page 169 and 170:
SECTION 3 CONCLUSION In Section 1,
Page 171 and 172:
7: Titus 3:1-2: Persuading the Cret
Page 173 and 174:
apostles and lay leaders appointed
Page 175 and 176:
In unit 7 (3:1-2), the relationship
Page 177 and 178:
The second objective is to highligh
Page 179 and 180:
These four objectives may be summar
Page 181 and 182:
expected manner can look forward to
Page 183 and 184:
f. Arguments based on the use of vi
Page 185 and 186:
m. Example. For example, in 3:4-7 G
Page 187 and 188:
ehaviour expected of older men. In
Page 189 and 190:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Aageson, J. W. (1997).
Page 191 and 192:
Everts, J. M. (1993). Hope Dictiona
Page 193 and 194:
Lea, D. and H. P. Griffin (1992). 1
Page 195 and 196:
Sumney, J. L. (1996). “A Reading
Page 197 and 198:
ABSTRACT This study has been conduc
Page 199 and 200:
In Section 3 the results of the stu
Page 201 and 202:
amanuensishipotese en die allonieme
Page 203 and 204:
KEY TERMS 1. Pastoral Letters 2. Rh
show all

A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?