A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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exactly the opposite holds true. He describes it as “[a] most blatantly theological ... composition” (Collins, 2000:56). 1.1.3.3 Theology and Christology We have in this letter an interesting, if not inseparable combination of theology and Christology. Collins maintains the former emphasis, while Thurston stresses the latter. The two authors concur in their identification of three major theologically loaded sections, namely 1:1-4, 2:11-14, and 3:4-7. Not all scholars agree that there are three theological sections in Titus. Bailey (1994:351, 352) categorises seven in total, scattered throughout the three letters. Two of these occur in the Letter to Titus, namely 2:11-14 and 3:3-7. He does concur in his assessment that Christology and theology are central emphases in Titus. Instead, he prefers not to distinguish these distinctive foci from the “theology of the Pastorals” (Bailey, 1994:340, 343). a) Jesus Christ: salvation Thurston (1999:177, 178) sees a Christological soteriology as the focal point of the Letter to Titus. In her words, “The theological core of Titus, its writer’s main theological interest, is Christology”, understood as “any evaluation of Jesus in respect to who he was and the role he played in the divine plan”. The main focus of Titus’ Christology is soteriology, the saving role Jesus played in God’s plan or put differently “the theology of God-as-Saviour” (Thurston, 1999:183). In the entire Pastoral corpus, the most frequently occurring name is Jesus Christ or Christ Jesus or simply Christ as in 1 Timothy 5:11. The name makes no less than 32 appearances in the entire corpus of which 4 occur in the Letter to Titus. This may not seem like much, but in view of the brevity of the letter, it is a comparatively high number of times for any name to be repeated within one book. Interestingly, this name appears in every chapter of this small letter, namely 1:1, 1:4; 2:13, and 3:6. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 29
Furthermore, the name Jesus Christ appears within a very definite context, namely a theological cluster that once precedes (1:1-4) and twice succeeds (2:11-14; 3:4-7) sections containing instructions (1:5-16; 2:1-10; 3:1-3). Most scholars agree that these theological clusters appear in at least the second and third chapters while some do not regard the section in the salutation as the third theological section. Nevertheless, within these theological hubs both God and Jesus Christ are mentioned. More importantly though, are the remarkable titles attached to the name Jesus Christ or Christ Jesus. As mentioned elsewhere, the title swthvr makes ten appearances in the Pastoral Letters. God and Jesus Christ equally share six uses of this title. In Titus, Jesus is referred to as Saviour in chapters 1:4, 2:13 and 3:6. This titular attribution designates Jesus implicitly a co-Saviour with the Father, who is also referred to as swthvr (Bailey, 1994:344; Thurston, 1999:183). b) Jesus Christ: Deity One verse, in Titus 2:13, has been the subject of much debate with reference to the deity of Christ. Scholars have long debated whether the verse applies to Jesus Christ only or whether it makes separate reference to God and Jesus Christ. Murray J. Harris, in his paper entitled “Titus 2:13 and the deity of Christ”, offers an evaluative summary of the various interpretive options on this verse. His conclusion is that the verse should be understood to refer to a singular predicate, namely Jesus Christ (Harris, 1980:171). His comprehensive analysis is well documented and should be consulted for a detailed overview of the possibilities (Quinn, 1990:156; Harris 1980:263-271). For the purposes of this study, only a bare summary of the different categories will be replicated. He lists and discusses several translation possibilities under three main interpretive constructions. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 30
Page 1 and 2: A TEXT-CENTRED RHETORICAL ANALYSIS
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I declare that the diss
Page 5 and 6: SECTION 2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 2.1 R
Page 7 and 8: SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW
Page 9 and 10: The content of the authorship debat
Page 11 and 12: consistently identified as pioneer
Page 13 and 14: J. Quinn. Their list of scholars ad
Page 15 and 16: Uncharacteristic Pauline theology:
Page 17 and 18: etc. are not referring to actual pe
Page 19 and 20: History never lies” (Titus 1:2)?
Page 21 and 22: meaning as determined by historical
Page 23 and 24: other to explain what these critics
Page 25 and 26: 1.1.2.4 Conclusion The various theo
Page 27 and 28: Excursus: Cumulative-complimentary
Page 29 and 30: Lumping or clustering apparent oppo
Page 31: these letters on a more individual
Page 35 and 36: C. 1. qeou` and swthvr depend on do
Page 37 and 38: accentuate the unmistakable role of
Page 39 and 40: order to prove issues of authorship
Page 41 and 42: Miller (1997:124) is particularly u
Page 43 and 44: Next, Van Neste goes on to show how
Page 45 and 46: There have been some recent excepti
Page 47 and 48: The first part of the analysis is e
Page 49 and 50: offer any translations in this rega
Page 51 and 52: novel. To the best of my knowledge,
Page 53 and 54: ather than as a supplement to the T
Page 55 and 56: Accordingly, the research hypothesi
Page 57 and 58: •Step 3: Where deemed necessary,
Page 59 and 60: The rhetorical situation correspond
Page 61 and 62: Titus' primary assignment is to app
Page 63 and 64: Throughout the letter, Paul shares
Page 65 and 66: equally negative conduct (1:16). In
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.1.1 Emphasising the legitimacy
Page 69 and 70: strategically throughout this secti
Page 71 and 72: This section is suffused with the r
Page 73 and 74: and trustworthiness. This choice of
Page 75 and 76: “By whose authority are you imple
Page 77 and 78: “shared knowledge”. The qualiti
Page 79 and 80: espectively within the same sentenc
Page 81 and 82: dichotomy at the front end of this
Page 83 and 84:
church. Implicit contrasting is als
Page 85 and 86:
aijscrokerdhv", and these false tea
Page 87 and 88:
The second part of verse 13 contain
Page 89 and 90:
different groups. He relentlessly p
Page 91 and 92:
implicit contrasting. The negative
Page 93 and 94:
marker is the use of the plural of
Page 95 and 96:
instruction in this regard. “Heal
Page 97 and 98:
almost desirable. Thus, legitimate
Page 99 and 100:
The subject is the older women. Thi
Page 101 and 102:
negatively upon the oJ lovgo" tou`
Page 103 and 104:
2.2.5.6 The behaviour of slaves In
Page 105 and 106:
or originating from God (tou' … q
Page 107 and 108:
to God and this paves the way for t
Page 109 and 110:
This explains the use of inclusive
Page 111 and 112:
Furthermore, through the direct rep
Page 113 and 114:
what grace is instructing the belie
Page 115 and 116:
Paul demonstrates that he is himsel
Page 117 and 118:
The section closes with the apostle
Page 119 and 120:
Another technique is personificatio
Page 121 and 122:
the apostle adopts to persuade his
Page 123 and 124:
Most commentators treat ejxousivai
Page 125 and 126:
person. Interestingly, both instanc
Page 127 and 128:
2.2.8 Titus 3:3: Evoking disgust wi
Page 129 and 130:
purpose while Mounce (2000:446) bel
Page 131 and 132:
negative. Paranomasia and the metap
Page 133 and 134:
conformity to the divine example. I
Page 135 and 136:
as traditional, with verse 3 as an
Page 137 and 138:
aptism effected by the Holy Spirit
Page 139 and 140:
exclusively or that this constitute
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through self-vilification in the op
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crhstovth" and filanqrwpiva of God
Page 145 and 146:
ejpoihvsamen hJmei`" (works) ajlla;
Page 147 and 148:
these titles. The future appearance
Page 149 and 150:
The certainty and completeness of t
Page 151 and 152:
The next two words in v. 7 are exam
Page 153 and 154:
their salvation by God. The divine
Page 155 and 156:
discourse. In this regard, consider
Page 157 and 158:
two groups is accentuated and the d
Page 159 and 160:
Verse 9 opens with the adversative
Page 161 and 162:
awareness of the insidiousness of f
Page 163 and 164:
This is a very tight unit, carefull
Page 165 and 166:
turn, requires the presence of soun
Page 167 and 168:
closing greeting to the Cretans inv
Page 169 and 170:
SECTION 3 CONCLUSION In Section 1,
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7: Titus 3:1-2: Persuading the Cret
Page 173 and 174:
apostles and lay leaders appointed
Page 175 and 176:
In unit 7 (3:1-2), the relationship
Page 177 and 178:
The second objective is to highligh
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These four objectives may be summar
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expected manner can look forward to
Page 183 and 184:
f. Arguments based on the use of vi
Page 185 and 186:
m. Example. For example, in 3:4-7 G
Page 187 and 188:
ehaviour expected of older men. In
Page 189 and 190:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Aageson, J. W. (1997).
Page 191 and 192:
Everts, J. M. (1993). Hope Dictiona
Page 193 and 194:
Lea, D. and H. P. Griffin (1992). 1
Page 195 and 196:
Sumney, J. L. (1996). “A Reading
Page 197 and 198:
ABSTRACT This study has been conduc
Page 199 and 200:
In Section 3 the results of the stu
Page 201 and 202:
amanuensishipotese en die allonieme
Page 203 and 204:
KEY TERMS 1. Pastoral Letters 2. Rh
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A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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