A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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A. dovxa and swthvr are dependent on ejpifavneia (with qeou` dependent on dovxa): “... the appearing of the glory of the great God [= the Father] and [the appearing] of our Saviour, Jesus Christ”. Dubbed the double epiphaneous view, this interpretation argues for two manifestations, namely one by the Father and the other by Jesus Christ. The problem is that it requires the merging of an impersonal subject (dovxa) and a personal subject (swthvr). While some commentators have avoided this conclusion (Harris, 1980:263), there are additional complications. These relate to the fact that swthvr does not have an article and could therefore be associated either with qeou` or dovxa. Additionally, it is unnatural to separate swthvr from qeou`. These two words have great cultic significance. They always refer to a single deity when employed in this particular relationship. B. qeou` and swthvr depend on ejpifavneia (with th`~ dovzh~ as a “Hebrew genitive) and as referring to either one: “... the glorious appearing of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ” (NIV). or two persons: “... the glorious appearing of the great God and [of] our Saviour Jesus Christ” (KJV). As Harris (1980:264) points out, this interpretation compromises the verbal parallelism between verses 11 and 13. By ignoring the article that modifies dovxa (verse 13), it undoes the corresponding idea in verse 11, namely hJ cavri~. Whereas the first appearance is a manifestation of divine grace, the second will be a manifestation of divine glory (Harris, 1980:264). The rendition of this dovxa as an adjective reduces significantly the connotative value of the term dovxa. Saying that “a person’s appearance will be ‘resplendent’ or ‘attended by glory’ is a far cry from saying that the person’s own ‘glory will be revealed’” (Harris, 1980:264). PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 31
C. 1. qeou` and swthvr depend on dovxa and refer to two persons: “... the appearing of the glory of the great God and [the glory of] our Saviour Jesus Christ” (RSV, ASV, NEB). C. 2. qeou` and swthvr depend on dovxa and refers to one person (with Jesus Christ in apposition to this dovxa): “... the appearing of [him who is] the Glory of our great God and Saviour [= the Father, which glory is/that is] Jesus Christ” (F.J. A. Hort). C. 3. qeou` and swthvr depend on dovxa and refers to one person (with jIhsou` Cristou in apposition tou` megavlou qeou` kai; swth`roi) “… the appearing of the glory of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ” (RV, ASV mg, TCNT, Weymouth, NEB, JB, TEV). The expression qevo~ kaiv swthvr was standard cultic language in the first century and widely used. In every instance, it denoted a single deity. The second reason in support of this interpretation is that grammatically, two co- ordinate nouns referring to the same person are usually joined by a singular article (Harris, 1980:267). Harris supplies extensive corroborative evidence that may be accessed for further study. c) God: Salvation Collins sees God as the central focus of the letter. He attaches correctly so, great significance to the quintuple appearance of the noun God within the first four verses of the letter (Collins, 2000:56). God is specified as having a servant in Paul (1:1), having an elect (1:1), un-lying (1:2), being a Saviour (3) and a Father (4). However, if we consider all the verbs in the salutation together with the other nouns occurring in this section, then far more is being said about God than is indicated by the frequency of the nouns. Implicitly, it could be said that God promised (1:2), God manifested (1:3), has a word (1:3) and has a commandment (1:3). Paul discloses that he, the servant of God, has been entrusted with a message. The passive voice implies that God, PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 32
Page 1 and 2: A TEXT-CENTRED RHETORICAL ANALYSIS
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I declare that the diss
Page 5 and 6: SECTION 2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 2.1 R
Page 7 and 8: SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW
Page 9 and 10: The content of the authorship debat
Page 11 and 12: consistently identified as pioneer
Page 13 and 14: J. Quinn. Their list of scholars ad
Page 15 and 16: Uncharacteristic Pauline theology:
Page 17 and 18: etc. are not referring to actual pe
Page 19 and 20: History never lies” (Titus 1:2)?
Page 21 and 22: meaning as determined by historical
Page 23 and 24: other to explain what these critics
Page 25 and 26: 1.1.2.4 Conclusion The various theo
Page 27 and 28: Excursus: Cumulative-complimentary
Page 29 and 30: Lumping or clustering apparent oppo
Page 31 and 32: these letters on a more individual
Page 33: Furthermore, the name Jesus Christ
Page 37 and 38: accentuate the unmistakable role of
Page 39 and 40: order to prove issues of authorship
Page 41 and 42: Miller (1997:124) is particularly u
Page 43 and 44: Next, Van Neste goes on to show how
Page 45 and 46: There have been some recent excepti
Page 47 and 48: The first part of the analysis is e
Page 49 and 50: offer any translations in this rega
Page 51 and 52: novel. To the best of my knowledge,
Page 53 and 54: ather than as a supplement to the T
Page 55 and 56: Accordingly, the research hypothesi
Page 57 and 58: •Step 3: Where deemed necessary,
Page 59 and 60: The rhetorical situation correspond
Page 61 and 62: Titus' primary assignment is to app
Page 63 and 64: Throughout the letter, Paul shares
Page 65 and 66: equally negative conduct (1:16). In
Page 67 and 68: 2.2.1.1 Emphasising the legitimacy
Page 69 and 70: strategically throughout this secti
Page 71 and 72: This section is suffused with the r
Page 73 and 74: and trustworthiness. This choice of
Page 75 and 76: “By whose authority are you imple
Page 77 and 78: “shared knowledge”. The qualiti
Page 79 and 80: espectively within the same sentenc
Page 81 and 82: dichotomy at the front end of this
Page 83 and 84: church. Implicit contrasting is als
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aijscrokerdhv", and these false tea
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The second part of verse 13 contain
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different groups. He relentlessly p
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implicit contrasting. The negative
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marker is the use of the plural of
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instruction in this regard. “Heal
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almost desirable. Thus, legitimate
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The subject is the older women. Thi
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negatively upon the oJ lovgo" tou`
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2.2.5.6 The behaviour of slaves In
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or originating from God (tou' … q
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to God and this paves the way for t
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This explains the use of inclusive
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Furthermore, through the direct rep
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what grace is instructing the belie
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Paul demonstrates that he is himsel
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The section closes with the apostle
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Another technique is personificatio
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the apostle adopts to persuade his
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Most commentators treat ejxousivai
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person. Interestingly, both instanc
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2.2.8 Titus 3:3: Evoking disgust wi
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purpose while Mounce (2000:446) bel
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negative. Paranomasia and the metap
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conformity to the divine example. I
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as traditional, with verse 3 as an
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aptism effected by the Holy Spirit
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exclusively or that this constitute
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through self-vilification in the op
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crhstovth" and filanqrwpiva of God
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ejpoihvsamen hJmei`" (works) ajlla;
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these titles. The future appearance
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The certainty and completeness of t
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The next two words in v. 7 are exam
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their salvation by God. The divine
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discourse. In this regard, consider
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two groups is accentuated and the d
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Verse 9 opens with the adversative
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awareness of the insidiousness of f
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This is a very tight unit, carefull
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turn, requires the presence of soun
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closing greeting to the Cretans inv
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SECTION 3 CONCLUSION In Section 1,
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7: Titus 3:1-2: Persuading the Cret
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apostles and lay leaders appointed
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In unit 7 (3:1-2), the relationship
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The second objective is to highligh
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These four objectives may be summar
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expected manner can look forward to
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f. Arguments based on the use of vi
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m. Example. For example, in 3:4-7 G
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ehaviour expected of older men. In
Page 189 and 190:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Aageson, J. W. (1997).
Page 191 and 192:
Everts, J. M. (1993). Hope Dictiona
Page 193 and 194:
Lea, D. and H. P. Griffin (1992). 1
Page 195 and 196:
Sumney, J. L. (1996). “A Reading
Page 197 and 198:
ABSTRACT This study has been conduc
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In Section 3 the results of the stu
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amanuensishipotese en die allonieme
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KEY TERMS 1. Pastoral Letters 2. Rh
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A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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