A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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1.1.2 AUTHORSHIP OF TITUS 1.1.2.1 Introductory remarks The issue of authorship is undoubtedly the dominant contention in regard to the Pastorals. The authorship of the Letter to Titus is directly tied to the current debate, because of the relatively recent tendency to categorise the three letters into a single unit. Scholarship is generally divided into two camps. At the one end of the spectrum, there are those who maintain that the letters were authored by Paul, in accordance with the self-identification of the letter. In this regard, some scholars display an unqualified acceptance of Pauline authorship, for example, Hiebert (1978:421) and McArthur (1996:ix). Until the turn of the nineteenth century, this was the unchallenged traditional position. An alternative position has emerged since the beginning of the twentieth century. Scholars, at the opposite end of the spectrum, maintain that these letters are later, non-Pauline or pseudonymous creations. Among supporters of the traditional view, are commentators and authors who display an unqualified acceptance of Pauline authorship. On both sides of the debate, there are also authors who present careful and thorough presentations to defend their particular hypotheses. That there are some cogent arguments for either view is evidenced by the confession of some authors who “converted” from one view to another (Johnson, 1996:2; Hanson, 1982:10). An author’s position on this crucial issue has far reaching implications for the interpretation and treatment of this body of correspondence and particularly the Letter to Titus. Evidence gleaned from multiple literary sources, including commentaries and related journal articles, will demonstrate the extent of the current division and the resultant implications for the treatment of the Letter to Titus. It will, furthermore, show how the presuppositions regarding authorship of this corpus particularly, influence the treatment of the Letter to Titus by scholars. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 5
The content of the authorship debate is an established academic fact and is well documented in most commentaries and scholarly literature. Mere recitation, therefore, of these facts would not be conducive to the intent of this chapter. A rather more interesting avenue of investigation is to attempt the extrapolation of any insight that will advance our understanding of how scholars have come to the positions they so intrepidly defend. This study will focus on a rhetorical analysis of the Letter to Titus. However, it will soon become evident that the Letter to Titus does not enjoy the attention of New Testament scholars to the extent that the Timothean correspondence does. While there is undoubtedly some justification for this, and without oversimplifying the complexities involved in the science of biblical interpretation, a probable explanation for this apparent ‘neglect’, would appear to emerge from an investigation of current literature. The question begs to be asked, would scholars maintain their views on the authenticity issue if a different methodology were to be utilised? Could the disparate position be attributable to a ‘flawed’ methodology? I have isolated and classified what I term reading principles or methodologies that occur in literature on the Pastoral Letters. While not part of the core discussion of the present study, the way in which scholars read these letters, illumines our understanding of the scholarly treatment of these letters. Additionally, it bolsters the case for an appreciation of the individualistic peculiarities of the Letter to Titus. 1.1.2.2 Overview of the debate on authenticity The content and range of the debate on authorship of the Pastoral Letters is settled. Scholars have unequivocally sided themselves with one of two positions, namely those who argue that these letters are genuinely the product of Paul’s hand and those who argue that these are not from Paul. Therefore, a mere replication of the facts will not be presented in this section. What is important is to attempt to establish a link between the authorship debate, and the rhetorical criticism of the Pastoral Letters, specifically the PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com 6
Page 1 and 2: A TEXT-CENTRED RHETORICAL ANALYSIS
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION I declare that the diss
Page 5 and 6: SECTION 2 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS 2.1 R
Page 7: SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW
Page 11 and 12: consistently identified as pioneer
Page 13 and 14: J. Quinn. Their list of scholars ad
Page 15 and 16: Uncharacteristic Pauline theology:
Page 17 and 18: etc. are not referring to actual pe
Page 19 and 20: History never lies” (Titus 1:2)?
Page 21 and 22: meaning as determined by historical
Page 23 and 24: other to explain what these critics
Page 25 and 26: 1.1.2.4 Conclusion The various theo
Page 27 and 28: Excursus: Cumulative-complimentary
Page 29 and 30: Lumping or clustering apparent oppo
Page 31 and 32: these letters on a more individual
Page 33 and 34: Furthermore, the name Jesus Christ
Page 35 and 36: C. 1. qeou` and swthvr depend on do
Page 37 and 38: accentuate the unmistakable role of
Page 39 and 40: order to prove issues of authorship
Page 41 and 42: Miller (1997:124) is particularly u
Page 43 and 44: Next, Van Neste goes on to show how
Page 45 and 46: There have been some recent excepti
Page 47 and 48: The first part of the analysis is e
Page 49 and 50: offer any translations in this rega
Page 51 and 52: novel. To the best of my knowledge,
Page 53 and 54: ather than as a supplement to the T
Page 55 and 56: Accordingly, the research hypothesi
Page 57 and 58: •Step 3: Where deemed necessary,
Page 59 and 60:
The rhetorical situation correspond
Page 61 and 62:
Titus' primary assignment is to app
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Throughout the letter, Paul shares
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equally negative conduct (1:16). In
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2.2.1.1 Emphasising the legitimacy
Page 69 and 70:
strategically throughout this secti
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This section is suffused with the r
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and trustworthiness. This choice of
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“By whose authority are you imple
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“shared knowledge”. The qualiti
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espectively within the same sentenc
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dichotomy at the front end of this
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church. Implicit contrasting is als
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aijscrokerdhv", and these false tea
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The second part of verse 13 contain
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different groups. He relentlessly p
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implicit contrasting. The negative
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marker is the use of the plural of
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instruction in this regard. “Heal
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almost desirable. Thus, legitimate
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The subject is the older women. Thi
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negatively upon the oJ lovgo" tou`
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2.2.5.6 The behaviour of slaves In
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or originating from God (tou' … q
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to God and this paves the way for t
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This explains the use of inclusive
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Furthermore, through the direct rep
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what grace is instructing the belie
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Paul demonstrates that he is himsel
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The section closes with the apostle
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Another technique is personificatio
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the apostle adopts to persuade his
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Most commentators treat ejxousivai
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person. Interestingly, both instanc
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2.2.8 Titus 3:3: Evoking disgust wi
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purpose while Mounce (2000:446) bel
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negative. Paranomasia and the metap
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conformity to the divine example. I
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as traditional, with verse 3 as an
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aptism effected by the Holy Spirit
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exclusively or that this constitute
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through self-vilification in the op
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crhstovth" and filanqrwpiva of God
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ejpoihvsamen hJmei`" (works) ajlla;
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these titles. The future appearance
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The certainty and completeness of t
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The next two words in v. 7 are exam
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their salvation by God. The divine
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discourse. In this regard, consider
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two groups is accentuated and the d
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Verse 9 opens with the adversative
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awareness of the insidiousness of f
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This is a very tight unit, carefull
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turn, requires the presence of soun
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closing greeting to the Cretans inv
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SECTION 3 CONCLUSION In Section 1,
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7: Titus 3:1-2: Persuading the Cret
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apostles and lay leaders appointed
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In unit 7 (3:1-2), the relationship
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The second objective is to highligh
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These four objectives may be summar
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expected manner can look forward to
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f. Arguments based on the use of vi
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m. Example. For example, in 3:4-7 G
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ehaviour expected of older men. In
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aageson, J. W. (1997).
Page 191 and 192:
Everts, J. M. (1993). Hope Dictiona
Page 193 and 194:
Lea, D. and H. P. Griffin (1992). 1
Page 195 and 196:
Sumney, J. L. (1996). “A Reading
Page 197 and 198:
ABSTRACT This study has been conduc
Page 199 and 200:
In Section 3 the results of the stu
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amanuensishipotese en die allonieme
Page 203 and 204:
KEY TERMS 1. Pastoral Letters 2. Rh
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A Text centred rhetorical analysis of Paul's Letter to Titus

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