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Box 6.3. Kenya National Youth Training and Development Programme
In response to the post-election violence that engulfed Kenya in 2007, a multi-stakeholder working group on youth employment recommended the development
of the Kenya National Youth Training and Development Programme. UNDP coordinates the programme among development partners, and the Ministry
of Youth Affairs and Sports is the implementing partner. The programme supports a project to create immediate employment for youth in the planting of
trees, provides training for youth in business skills and entrepreneurial development, and supports the integration of entrepreneurship into the technical and
vocational training curriculum. The programme contributed to the development of the National Youth Policy and the Kenya National Youth Polytechnic and
Vocational Training Policy.
For additional information Youth Empowerment and Employment, please see
discussion paper 30. Youth Empowerment and Employment in Annex.
References and suggested further reading:
Youth employment
• Goovaerts, Piet, Martin Gasser, and Aliza Belman Inbal. Demand Driven Approaches to Livelihood
Support in Post-War Contexts. World Bank – A Joint ILO-World Bank Study. Social Development
Papers: Conflict Prevention & Reconstruction, Community-Driven Development. Paper No. 29,
October 2005.
• Ocholla-Wilson and Oematum L.K. Youth Employment Scheme-Micro Small Enterprises Programme
for Kenya, UNDP. 2006
• Robert, Pollin et al. “An Employment-Targeted Economic Programme for Kenya.”, project of the
International Poverty Centre in Brasillia (IPC), UNDP. 2007.
• United Nations. “Check Box 2.2: Targeting youth in employment and reintegration programming,”
in UN Operational Guidance Note on Post-Conflict Employment Creation, Income Generation
and Reintegration. Draft version: November 4, 2009, pp.10-11.
• USAID, MicroLINKS. Youth Livelihoods. www.microLINKS.org/youth
• Women’s Refugee Commission and School for International and Public Affairs (SIPA), Columbia
University. Market Assessment Toolkit for Vocational Training Providers and Youth: Linking Vocational
Training Programs to Market Opportunities. October 2008.
6.3 EX-COMBATANTS AND THOSE FORMERLY ASSOCIATED
WITH ARMED FORCES AND GROUPS: REINTEGRATION INTO
CIVILIAN LIFE AND ACCESS TO LIVELIHOODS
6.3.1 Introduction
In many conflict settings, membership and association with armed forces and groups
often constitute a source of income for large numbers of male and female combatants,
as well as men women and children associated with armed forces and groups.. Some
individuals are forcibly recruited into armed forces or groups, while others joined by choice,
motivated by a sense of security, source of income and social capital. Other individuals
may have ancillary or support roles with armed forces or groups—providing them, for
example, with intelligence, food, or supplies.
64 United Nations, Operational Guide to the
Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and
Reintegration Standards, 2006, p.24.
In the aftermath of conflict, combatants and those associated with armed forces and
groups usually undergo a formal disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)
process. This process aims to deal with the post-conflict security problem that arises when
combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks for returning to civilian life. 64
In some situations where conflict is still on-going or where a formal DDR process has not
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations