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Economic recovery “is the process of stimulating the growth of an area’s local economy
through market development, strengthening new and existing enterprises, and job
creation in the private sector and public institutions, including reconstructing needed
infrastructure that will allow for trade and commerce to take place in local, national,
regional and international markets.” 79 Economic recovery involves post-crisis sustained
growth “at significantly higher than historical rates, and should be accompanied by significant
employment creation and by action to reduce severe horizontal inequalities.” 80
Economic recovery following conflict or disaster should be a transformative process of
building back both better and differently, which requires “a mix of far-reaching economic,
institutional, legal and policy reforms” upon which to build self-sustaining development. 81
An economic recovery assessment (ERA) assesses key indicators covering a broad range
of issues relating to post-crisis economic recovery and economic growth, and identifies
major constraints, trends and opportunities for strengthening growth and reducing
poverty in such environments. An ERA is based on an examination of key economic,
conflict and social indicators.
Employment is defined here as a decent work situation that enables an individual to earn
enough to maintain their own and/or their household’s needs above a reasonable poverty line.
Entrepreneurial development comprises any private activity conducted with the
purpose of generating income and maximizing profits through innovation and with a
positive impact on—or at the very least, no negative consequences for—the socioeconomic
well-being of the community.
Evaluation is a rigorous and independent assessment of ongoing or completed activities
to determine the extent to which such activities are achieving, or have achieved,
stated objectives.
Food-for-work (FFW) interventions provide food in lieu of cash as compensation forwork
recovery programmes. Food-for-work programmes are sometimes more appropriate than
cash-for-work programmes in cases where markets may not be functional, cash might
contribute to inflation, cash may fuel social unrest or conflict, or where women may be
at increased risk of gender-based violence or other harm due to the possession of cash.
Governance is “the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the
management of a country’s affairs at all levels.” 82
Green jobs are those that contribute to environmental and ecological preservation
and sustainability, and are defined as work that contributes “substantially to preserving
or restoring environmental quality….This includes jobs that help to protect and restore
ecosystems and biodiversity; reduce energy, materials and water consumption through
high-efficiency and avoidance strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimize or
altogether avoid generation of all forms of waste and pollution.” 83
Green sector development involves efforts by the public and private sectors, the government,
NGOs, UN partners, community-based organizations (CBOs), local communities
and other stakeholders to link development (e.g., infrastructure, provision of social services
and public utilities, and natural capital interventions) to environmental and biodiversity
conservation for tangible social and economic benefits to communities.
79 Women’s Refugee Commission. Building Livelihoods:
A Field Manual for Practitioners in Humanitarian
Settings. May 2009, p.342.
80 UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery.
Post-Conflict Economic Recovery: Enabling Local
Ingenuity. 2008, p.5. www.undp.org/cpr/we_do/
eco_recovery.shtml
81 Ibid.
82 UNDP. Governance for Sustainable Human Development:
A UNDP Policy Document. Glossary of key
terms, http://mirror.undp.org/magnet/policy/
glossary.htm
83 UNEP, ILO, IOE and ITUC. Green Jobs: Towards
decent work in a sustainable, low-carbon world.
September 2008, pp.35-36. http://www.ilo.org/
global/What_we_do/Publications/Newreleases/
lang--en/docName--WCMS_098503/index.htm
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations