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tion and transportation infrastructure can facilitate agricultural livelihoods involving
sustainable small-scale farming.
To identify crisis-affected individuals to undertake the rehabilitation work, a local committee
can be set up. UNDP staff or implementing partners can assist the committee in
developing and following transparent criteria for participant identification. Some schemes
will require workers with specific skills (e.g., plastering, flooring, plumbing, carpentry, sorting
debris, or recycling). To the extent possible, local community members should be
given priority vis-à-vis employment before consideration is given to recruiting workers
from outside the community.
3.3.2 (f) Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) 35
As with all UNDP-supported interventions, infrastructure rehabilitation projects require
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems that are established during the design of
the project and in operational with effect the time implementation begins. During the
project formulation process, UNDP, in close collaboration with national counterparts and
other stakeholders, should plan for M&E in accordance with the guidelines in the UNDP
Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results. Project
budgets must include adequate human and financial resources for effective M&E. The
M&E framework, which forms part of the project document, provides the expected results
to be monitored and/or evaluated, indicators (with baselines and indicative targets),
planned M&E events and data collection methods, timing of M&E activities, responsible
parties, required resources, and risks and assumptions.
Monitoring evidence indicates whether, to what extent, and how efficiently the expected
outputs are produced and the activities are implemented. The monitoring process captures
key issues and lessons learned, and it informs the decision on whether the project
will be evaluated. Using the M&E findings at the end of the project, UNDP can prepare
and disseminate a case study to enable lessons learned from the project to contribute
to policy advocacy and local and national knowledge on early recovery. UNDP usually
conducts the M&E exercises, though monitoring can be undertaken jointly with other
partners, e.g., NGOs and/or academic institutions, as long as they are not implementing
partners or private sector enterprises.
Technical expertise is essential for effective M&E for infrastructure rehabilitation projects.
In some cases, a project will need to engage an engineering company to monitor
and advise on the quality of rehabilitation. Public auditing can be an effective tool for
ensuring broad stakeholder participation in monitoring the planning and budgeting
process, the utilization of funds, technical progress, and the utility of rehabilitated infrastructure.
35 See chapter 7 for further information on M&E.
3.3.2 (g) Partnerships
Public-private partnerships can be especially useful in infrastructure rehabilitation projects
because of the need for a variety of expertise. The roles and comparative advantages of
the government’s technical line agencies, local government bodies, NGOs, communitybased
organizations, U.N. agencies, and private businesses should be considered. Often
technical expertise in areas such as infrastructure design, planning and budgeting, needs
assessment, data collection and analysis, and environmentally sound practices, can
be drawn from multiple partners. For example, community groups are likely to be the
most effective in mobilizing labour from the community, and local authorities may be
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations