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Markets for goods and services
Markets of greatest importance to crisis-affected people as producers and consumers;
whether and how well those markets are operating and accessible
Availability and prices of essential commodities
Competitiveness of key markets in the local economy
How well local markets are integrated, and the horizontal and vertical linkages among
key market participants; accessibility of markets, nature of supply and value chains,
including bottlenecks where they exist
Formal and informal restrictions on the movement of goods
Goods and services, particularly those in high demand; existing and potential buyers;
traders’ ability and willingness to respond to increases in demand
Economic and social barriers to participation in markets by crisis-affected and other
vulnerable people
Power dynamics of market participants (e.g., control of certain markets by armed groups)
Woman Selling Vegetable
in a Local Market
(Photo by UNDP Kenya)
Labor markets
Local labour force participation and employment patterns
Occupational structure
New and growing labour markets; sectors with labour shortages; absorption capacity
of various occupations
Skill requirements of occupations in demand
Occupations where female employees and those with disabilities or other special
needs are accepted and not accepted
Barriers to employment related to gender, age, ability, ethnicity, social group, religion,
or other personal, family, or community characteristics
Travel-to-work patterns and the economic and social factors behind these.
2.1.3 “Macro” issues and micro-macro linkages
Where time and resources allow, separate assessments of livelihoods, local economic recovery,
and national economic recovery may be conducted, but often the same assessment team will
need to assess issues at all levels. Policies, institutions, and processes at the micro and macro
levels are inherently connected. Therefore, however the assessment is designed, it will need
to incorporate micro-macro linkages, these being. the linkages between issues that influence
livelihoods and economic recovery at the individual, household, and community level (the
micro level) and those issues that relate to the economy, policy framework, and systems
of governance at provincial, national and, where relevant, regional levels (the macro level).
The following are indicative types of information to be collected at the macro level:
Trends in economic growth, poverty, labour force participation, and unemployment
(aggregated and disaggregated)
Constraints/barriers to economic recovery, poverty reduction, and employment
Policies that create or reduce vulnerability or otherwise influence livelihoods and
economic recovery
Nature and quality of governance; key areas in which the system of governance
provides, and fails to provide, an enabling environment for livelihoods and economic
recovery; gaps in government capacity (at both national and local levels) to enforce
policies and provide public services
Any pressures that economic growth is likely to place on environmental sustainability,
and opportunities for maximizing green growth
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations