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groups and local authorities agree upon the selection criteria, and are involved in the
selection process. Female-headed household members, youth, internally displaced people,
and ex-combatants are often key target populations.
To ensure that the activities undertaken for emergency employment creation benefit
the whole target community and do not exacerbate social tensions, it is essential for the
community as a whole to agree on the initiatives to be pursued. If the scope of work
cannot be decided through a community meeting, a representative committee can
select the subprojects on the community’s behalf. Some Country Offices have a roster of
pre-qualified NGOs, which can simplify the process. The allocation of resources for each
community—if more than one—may vary, depending upon the need for livelihoods
assistance, community commitment, and the availability of labour.
The criteria for evaluating subproject proposals and budgets should identify those with
well-defined project plans that are practical and technically sound. Some basic criteria
for selecting subprojects are to ensure that they are…
• Demand-driven and reflect real community needs, priorities, and aspirations
• Expected to provide a long-term benefit for the crisis-affected community as a whole,
and not only for direct participants
• Unskilled-labour-intensive (generally utilizing about 60 percent unskilled labour)
• Expected to engage extensive participation within crisis-affected communities,
including women, vulnerable groups, and those with special needs
• Technically viable, involving a simple project design that limits the need for technical
expertise and provides explicitly for any external expertise that will be necessary
• Environmentally responsible
• Replicable and conducive to scaling up
• Relevant to policy development.
3.1.2 (g) Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) 21
As with all UNDP-supported interventions, emergency employment projects require
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems that are established during the design of the
project and that are in operation from the time that implementation begins. During
the project formulation process, UNDP should plan for M&E in close collaboration with
national counterparts and other stakeholders in accordance with guidelines in the UNDP
Handbook on Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results. Project
budgets must include sufficient human and financial resources for effective M&E. The M&E
framework, which forms part of the project document, provides the expected results to
be monitored and/or evaluated, indicators (with baselines and indicative targets), planned
M&E events and data collection methods, timing of M&E activities, responsible parties,
required resources, and risks and assumptions.
21 See Chapter 7 for further information on M&E.
Monitoring evidence indicates whether, to what extent, and how efficiently, the expected
outputs are produced and the activities are implemented. In an emergency employment
project, the M&E process will ascertain, for example, whether payments reach participants,
how these payments are used, impacts on local markets, impacts on participants’ households,
and the project’s overall contribution to livelihoods and economic recovery. The
monitoring process captures key issues and lessons learned, and it informs the decision
regarding whether or not the project will be evaluated. Using the M&E findings at the
end of the project, UNDP can prepare a case study for extensive dissemination and use
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations