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4.2.3 (c) Monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
As with all UNDP-supported interventions, those interventions that promote inclusive
private sector development require monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems. 47 From
the start of implementation, clarity is needed vis-à-vis the expected results, indicators
(with baselines and targets), planned M&E events and data collection methods, responsible
parties, and required resources. Monitoring evidence will indicate whether, to what
extent, and how efficiently, results are achieved and activities are implemented, and it
will also capture key issues and lessons learned. Continuous monitoring enables adjustments
to ensure that interventions remain valid and appropriate as markets and the crisis
or post-crisis situation evolve. The involvement of multiple stakeholders, and especially
crisis-affected individuals themselves, helps to ensure local ownership, transparency, and
sustainability of results.
4.2.3 (d) Partnerships
The management of partnerships is central to effective support for inclusive private sector
development. National and local government bodies, central banks, U.N. agencies and other
development partners, NGOs, community-based organizations, businesses and business
associations, academia, financial service providers, and providers of business development
services all play key roles in private sector development. The design and sustainability
of interventions, and their contribution to peace-building and disaster resilience, require
the meaningful engagement of crisis-affected people, including conflicting parties where
these exist. The identification and engagement of lead firms in developing forward and
backward linkages, mentoring of crisis-affected, micro and small enterprise owners, and
promoting inclusiveness in the development of their sectors, are all important for the
success of sector development initiatives. UNDP has recently updated its guidelines for
engaging with the private sector in a constructive and responsible manner, and is placing
an increasing emphasis on partnerships with the private sector. 48
Stakeholder dialogue and coordination is needed in all programming stages—including
the assessment of market opportunities and the needs of crisis-affected people and
enterprises, the design of interventions, technology transfer, the development of forward
and backward linkages, resource mobilization, policy advocacy, and monitoring and
evaluation. Coordination among development partners enables complementarity and
the prevention of duplication and gaps in programming. UNDP’s convening power is
often instrumental in bringing together and coordinating key participants.
47 UNDP recommends using the M&E standards of
the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development
(http://www.enterprise-development.
org/page/measuring-and-reporting-results) for
inclusive market development interventions.
48 As defined in the United Nations General Assembly
Resolution 62/211 (2007), a partnership with
the private sector is “a voluntary and collaborative
agreement or arrangement between one
or more parts of the United Nations system and
the private sector, in which all participants agree
to work together to achieve a common purpose
or undertake a specific task and to share risks,
responsibilities, resources, and benefits.”
A number of U.N. agencies have mandates and expertise that are relevant to private sector
development. Examples of coordination among U.N. agencies in promoting inclusive
market development are provided in Box 4.8 (on strengthening agriculture-related value
chains in Syria) and in Figure 4.1 (on a proposed value chain development approach
in Uganda). As described above, for inclusive financial sector development, UNCDF’s
mechanism to support UN Joint Programmes and its MicroLead Facility for South-South
cooperation are important resources.
Public-private partnerships can be especially useful in promoting inclusive private sector
development, and such partnerships have been successfully implemented in both crisis
and post-crisis situations. These partnerships are formal arrangements between entities
of the public and private sectors, often with the involvement of U.N. agencies, NGOs,
community-based organizations, and/or informal groups of stakeholders, such as small
and family businesses and women’s and youth groups. Ideally, each party contributes to
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations