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For outputs, including both process indicators and result indicators is useful. Process
indicators reflect whether the product or service foreseen in the output statement
was completed or delivered. Result indicators reflect whether the product or service
is bringing about intended changes (e.g., the level of usage or user satisfaction).
3) Establish baselines and targets against which progress will be measured. Baseline
information can be taken from assessments and other reliable sources. If necessary,
this baseline information can be gathered at the start of the implementation. Each
indicator and result should have at least one time-bound and realistic target.
4) Identify risks and assumptions. Identifying risks that may delay or derail progress
toward the intended results—and clarifying the underlying assumptions in the programme
design—enables precautionary actions to prevent problems. The need for
flexibility in M&E may have budget/resource implications, which can be addressed
in the risks and assumptions.
5) Develop an M&E framework and strategy. In a simple, accessible format (usually a
matrix), the M&E framework provides the intended results, indicators (with baselines
and indicative targets), planned M&E events and data collection methods, timing of
M&E activities, responsible parties, required resources, and risks, assumptions, and
mitigation measures. The M&E strategy should identify the required financial and human
resources for M&E, which issues will be addressed through ongoing monitoring,
and which issues, if any, require in-depth evaluations. If evaluations are conducted,
the M&E strategy will include an evaluation plan that indicates the timing and objectives.
The strategy also indicates how data will be analyzed and how findings will be
presented and to whom. The strategy should provide for the selection of monitors
with conflict and gender sensitivity, using national capacity to the extent possible,
and identify any training that the monitors may need.
The monitoring process generally includes the following steps:
1) Collect monitoring data. Ensure regular collection of data to monitor progress
throughout the programme cycle in accordance with the results framework and M&E
strategy.
2) Compile the data. Compile the monitoring data at regular, planned time intervals in
an accessible format for use in programme decision making and sharing of lessons
learned.
3) Disseminate the data. Regularly disseminate monitoring data to programme decision
makers (e.g., the project manager) and other stakeholders.
4) Update the risks and assumptions.
The evaluation process generally includes the following steps:
1) Before the evaluation, define the evaluation objectives, calculate the costs, identify
the intended audience, and determine the timeframe for the evaluation. Prepare the
Terms of Reference accordingly, and recruit the evaluation team.
2) During the evaluation, provide logistical and administrative support to the evaluation
team (e.g., relevant documents and the identification of key interviewees).
3) After the evaluation, oversee the quality of the evaluation report, ensure its dissemination
to key stakeholders (which may require translation), ensure that the findings are
used to inform ongoing and planned programme development and policy advocacy,
and ensure that findings are available to inform global knowledge on livelihoods and
economic recovery programming.
Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations