Download PDF (4.08 MB) - ReliefWeb

More documents

Recommendations

Info

126 References and suggested further reading: Strategic communication • Bessette G., Involving the community, a guide to participatory development communication. International Development Research Centre, 2004. • Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC). http://crisescomm. ning.com/ • Ross, Steven S. “Journalists and Humanitarian Relief Coverage,” Fritz Institute. 2007. • Servaes J., Communication for development: One world, multiple cultures. Cresskill: Hampton Press, 2002. • UNDP. Communication for Development: A glimpse at UNDP’s practice. Draft. • UNDP. Communication strategy template, http://www.undp.org/comtoolkit/whycommunicate/why-core-concepts-com-strat. shtml • UNDP. Communication toolkit, http:// comtoolkit.undp.org/why-communicate/ why-overview.shtml • UNDP. Information disclosure policy. 2008. • United Nations. Focus on sustainable development: Ninth United Nations Roundtable on Communication for Development Report. 2004. • United Nations Information Centres. http:// unic.un.org/aroundworld/unics/en/index.asp this exposure can lead to bad publicity. Moreover, the use of UNDP’s logo, in this or other contexts, should be carefully assessed for the potential to undermine public confidence in the government by appearing to claim successes that are the preserve of government. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is as important for communication as for any other programme component. The M&E framework for a livelihoods and economic recovery project or programme should include baselines and indicators against which to track progress toward the intended results of the communication strategy, thereby enabling adjustment of the strategy as needed, so as to ensure sound implementation. 7.3 Resource Mobilization In crisis and post-crisis situations, livelihoods and economic recovery interventions need to start quickly and to have both immediate and sustained impact. In order for this to happen, these interventions not only need to be well designed, but they also require rapid initial funding and predictable sustained funding. Mobilizing resources for livelihoods and economic recovery programming can be especially challenging. Most donors divide official development aid between humanitarian and development funding lines. Recovery programmes lie outside of these two categories. When using their humanitarian funding lines, donors prioritize life-saving interventions over those with a longer-term vision. Development funding can take a long time to disburse, and donors often have risk-averse policies for using their development funds, making them difficult to access in crisis and post-crisis situations. 7.3.1 Characteristics of an effective resource mobilization strategy Experience has shown that resource mobilization for livelihoods and economic recovery programming is most effective when pursued within the overall recovery effort and in collaboration with other partners. This approach enables donors to see how funding fits into the overall priorities for recovery in the crisis or post-crisis situation, and it may encourage these donors to move from project-based funding to multi-year partnerships. Such an approach also demonstrates that the mobilization of resources is for the crisisaffected country, and not for any particular agency. Some of the key characteristics of an effective resource mobilization strategy are as follows: • Genuine partnerships with donors. Resource mobilization is increasingly viewed as long-term partnerships with donors rather than simply as the pursuit of project funding. Engaging donors in the development of country strategies and in the entire programme cycle leads to genuine partnerships. • Knowing donors. An awareness of donor priorities, policies, and procedures is essential. A clear resource mobilization strategy will align an analysis of donor preferences with funding needs. It is important to know which donors have a particular interest in livelihood issues, which department(s) within a donor organization the livelihoods and economic recovery portfolio belongs to, and whether decision-making is decentralized or takes place in donor capitals. While bilateral and multilateral donors continue to be the primary donors to livelihoods and economic recovery programmes, the private sector and Diaspora communities are playing an increasing role. Among bilateral donors, even those without a local presence should be considered in the resource mobilization strategy. These donors may be open to cost-sharing as an initial entry Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations
127 point in a crisis or post-crisis situation, and/or they may be useful partners in future programming. • Strong M&E and reporting. High-quality and timely monitoring, evaluation, and reporting—demonstrating the effective use of funds for the achievement of results—are necessary for maintaining donor partnerships. Regular formal and informal consultations with donors are also important. Maintaining partnerships through regular reporting and consultations makes follow-up programming and programme readjustments, when needed, relatively easy to arrange. • Host government involvement in resource mobilization. UNDP has much to offer to host governments in pursing national objectives for livelihoods and economic recovery, including substantial resource reach, delivery capacity, quick response capacity, decentralized organizational structure, and relatively low overhead for a development agency. When host governments have a clear understanding of why UNDP is mobilizing resources, and what the advantages are for the country, they can play an important role in the process (e.g., through their interactions with embassy staff and visiting donor representatives). • Effective communication. Strategic communication is important for resource mobilization. Documentation of UNDP’s track record in implementing similar programmes, including success stories in the country or region where the crisis has occurred, enables UNDP and its partners to demonstrate the expertise that either exists in the Country Office or can be rapidly sourced from other parts of the organization. Based on this documentation, UNDP can develop communication guidelines and supporting products to share with all relevant UNDP staff and partners in order to ensure a coherent message and to facilitate engagement with donors. 7.3.2 Funding instruments A variety of funding instruments can be considered for resource mobilization for livelihoods and economic recovery programming. Alignment with larger processes, including the Flash Appeal and the Consolidated Appeals Process, is important. The following are funding instruments that should be considered in this connection: • Seed funding within UNDP. Seed funding can be used to start interventions rapidly while additional resources are mobilized for scaling up. Seed funding is mobilized either through internal reprogramming of existing resources (e.g., when another programme or project is unable to deliver due to the crisis) or through one of the two resource pools managed by UNDP’s Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR) for preparatory work and the initiation of recovery programmes. These are TRAC 1.1.3 resources, which are part of UNDP’s core resources, and the Thematic Trust Fund for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, which is non-core (funded with direct donor contributions). These funding sources are relatively small, necessitating additional resource mobilization for the full rollout of livelihoods and economic recovery programmes. • Flash Appeal. The Flash Appeal is a tool for structuring a coordinated humanitarian response for the first three to six months of an emergency. It is based on early estimates and focuses on urgent humanitarian needs. Current guidelines for Flash Appeals allow the inclusion of early recovery needs in a phased manner, which may facilitate funding for initiatives to address them. • Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP). Humanitarian organizations use the CAP to plan, coordinate, fund, implement, and monitor their activities for a particular crisis. CAPs are launched annually for projects of one year’s duration and cannot include recovery activities that go beyond the humanitarian mandate. Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in Crisis Situations
Page 1 and 2:
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMM
Page 3:
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMM
Page 6 and 7:
ii Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 READ
Page 8 and 9:
iv Table of Contents BOXES 1.1 Area
Page 10 and 11:
Kenyan Women Selling Products (Phot
Page 12 and 13:
2 1.1 About this Guide 1.1.1 What t
Page 14 and 15:
4 and local economies—contribute
Page 16 and 17:
6 UNDP’s experience has shown tha
Page 18 and 19:
8 1.3.2 Three-track approach to pro
Page 20 and 21:
10 equality and women’s empowerme
Page 22 and 23:
Community Meeting with Future Strat
Page 24 and 25:
14 2.1 What information does a live
Page 26 and 27:
16 Markets for goods and services
Page 28 and 29:
18 tensions, access to resources an
Page 30 and 31:
20 A livelihoods and economic recov
Page 32 and 33:
22 face. Communities can agree with
Page 34 and 35:
Crop Production for food security (
Page 36 and 37:
26 3.1 Emergency employment creatio
Page 38 and 39:
28 Figure 3.1 Flow chart for choosi
Page 40 and 41:
30 The implementing partner recruit
Page 42 and 43:
32 Figure 3.2(a) Matrix for calcula
Page 44 and 45:
34 groups and local authorities agr
Page 46 and 47:
36 Emergency employment projects pr
Page 48 and 49:
38 References and suggested further
Page 50 and 51:
40 big risks (reputational and secu
Page 52 and 53:
42 cially important when a financia
Page 54 and 55:
44 whose enterprises are to be supp
Page 56 and 57:
46 monitoring the number of enterpr
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
50 Assessment reports, where these
Page 62 and 63:
52 Box 3.5. Summary of timesaving a
Page 64 and 65:
54 tion and transportation infrastr
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Mosquito net production in Tanzania
Page 70 and 71:
60 4.1 VOCATIONAL AND SKILLS TRAINI
Page 72 and 73:
62 4.1.2 (b) Identification of targ
Page 74 and 75:
64 Apprenticeship opportunities sho
Page 76 and 77:
66 have a conflict of interest with
Page 78 and 79:
68 4.2 INCLUSIVE private sector dev
Page 80 and 81:
70 grant sources. UNCDF and UNDP ha
Page 82 and 83:
72 4.2.3 (b) Suggested intervention
Page 84 and 85:
74 into a “fund for inclusive fin
Page 86 and 87: 76 4.2.3 (c) Monitoring and evaluat
Page 88 and 89: 78 legally binding agreements that
Page 90 and 91: 80 4.3 conditional cash transfers C
Page 92 and 93: Rehabilitation programme (photo by
Page 94 and 95: 84 5.1 capacity development Support
Page 96 and 97: 86 lawyers, prosecutors, and/or gov
Page 98 and 99: 88 enabled by a secure environment.
Page 100 and 101: 90 terms of foreign exchange; at th
Page 102 and 103: 92 government officials. Such decis
Page 104 and 105: 94 • Support to national justice
Page 106 and 107: 96 policy issues involve the protec
Page 108 and 109: 98 • Strengthening the capacity o
Page 110 and 111: Women Enterpreneurship in DRC (Phot
Page 112 and 113: 102 6.1 Gender Equality and Women
Page 114 and 115: 104 Gender and the assessment proce
Page 116 and 117: 106 Table 6.1. Example of outputs,
Page 118 and 119: 108 Conflict and disaster tend to w
Page 120 and 121: 110 example is the belief in some s
Page 122 and 123: 112 Box 6.3. Kenya National Youth T
Page 124 and 125: 114 6.3.2 Programming livelihoods f
Page 126 and 127: 116 Box 6.4. Profiling for Liveliho
Page 128 and 129: 118 in ways that do no harm—bears
Page 130 and 131: Ex-Combatant running a successful r
Page 132 and 133: 122 Box 7.1. Fundamental principles
Page 134 and 135: 124 policymakers to support program
Page 138 and 139: 128 References and suggested furthe
Page 140 and 141: 130 mobilization. When formulating
Page 142 and 143: 132 For outputs, including both pro
Page 144 and 145: Men and Women Cleaning the Rubble a
Page 146 and 147: 136 GUIDE ON LIVELIHOODS AND ECONOM
Page 148 and 149: 138 UNDP. “Role of UNDP in Crisis
Page 150 and 151: 140 Community infrastructure consis
Page 152 and 153: 142 Inclusive economic growth aims
Page 154 and 155: 144 Payments for ecosystem services
Page 156 and 157: 146 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The developmen
Page 158 and 159: 148 • Inclusive Economic Growth a
Page 160 and 161: 150 York; Casper Sonesson, Policy A
Page 162 and 163: 152 DAC DCED DDR DEX DFID DIM DPA D
Page 164 and 165: 154 POSC PPP PRA PRS PRSP PSD PSD P
Page 166 and 167: 156 ANNEX: Discussion Papers on Liv
Page 171 and 172: Livelihoods & Economic Recovery in
show all

Download PDF (4.08 MB) - ReliefWeb

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?