Small Business Framework - Research - The Legal Services Board
Small Business Framework - Research - The Legal Services Board
Small Business Framework - Research - The Legal Services Board
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effects 26 "and" measurement" effects 27 "as" a" consequence" of" mode" differences" and"<br />
result" in" poor" quality" data" (Vannieuwenhuyze" et" al.," 2010)." Saskhaug" et" al."<br />
(2010)"also"suggest"that"while"a"switch"to"a"self]administered"mode"such"as"IVR"<br />
or"the"web"can"reduce"measurement"error,"overall"error"may"still"increase"as"a"<br />
result"of"dropouts"during"or"after"the"mode"switch."Nonetheless,"mixing"modes"<br />
may"become"an"option"as"the"current"project"progresses."Should"this"be"the"case,"<br />
Roberts"(2007)"provides"an"overview"of"the"issues"involved."<br />
"<br />
Tactics'for'increasing'participation'and'response'rates'<br />
Many"surveys"employ"methods"to"increase"the"likelihood"of"participation."For"the"<br />
face]to]face" CSJS," for" example," incentives" were" introduced" at" the" start" of" the"<br />
second"year"of"the"continuous"survey"with"the"aim"of"improving"response"and"<br />
minimising"the"need"to"reissue"assignments."<strong>The</strong>"incentives"comprised"a"book"of"<br />
six"postage"stamps"that"were"sent"to"each"selected"household"with"the"advance"<br />
letter," and" a" £5" voucher" that" was" given" to" respondents" on" completion" of"<br />
interviews" (Hanson" and" Sullivan" 2008)." <strong>The</strong>" CSJPS" uses" the" same" incentive"<br />
structure,"and"in"both"cases,"use"of"incentives"has"been"considered"a"success.""<br />
" Newby" et" al." (2003)" examined" a" number" of" tactics" to" increase"<br />
participation"with"a"group"of"Australian"businesses."<strong>The</strong>"study"referred"to"postal"<br />
surveys"(which"they"suggested"at"the"time"were"most"efficient"for"SMEs"despite"<br />
low" response" rates)," and" evaluated" the" use" of" four" strategies" to" increase"<br />
participation;"printing"the"survey"instrument"on"coloured"paper,"telephone"pre]<br />
notification," payment" of" a" monetary" incentive," and" a" follow]up" mailing." <strong>The</strong>y"<br />
suggested"that"coloured"paper"had"little"impact,"though"the"promise"of"payment"<br />
resulted"in"increases"in"response"rates"and"reduced"item"omissions."While"not"as"<br />
great"an"effect"as"payment,"pre]notification"was"also"shown"to"increase"response"<br />
rates,"as"did"follow]up"mailings."<strong>The</strong>"highest"response"rates"were"achieved"by"a"<br />
combination"of"the"three"(excluding"coloured"paper)."Significantly,"however,"this"<br />
did"not"mean"the"combination"of"the"three"was"most"cost]effective."For"example,"<br />
if" your" interest" was" in" completed" questionnaires" only," either" pre]notification"<br />
plus"two"mailings"or"a"single"mailing"plus"a"monetary"incentive"would"be"most"<br />
cost"effective.""<br />
" As"Newby"et"al."(2003)"suggest,"decisions"on"tactics"to"increase"response"<br />
rate"are"likely"to"be"a"trade]off"between"financial"resources,"time"available,"need"<br />
for" unbiased" (and" quality)" data" and" the" size" of" the" population" being" sampled."<br />
Most"importantly,"however,"for"the"current"study,"both"the"CSJS"and"Newby"et"al"<br />
(2003)" highlight" the" potential" for" incentives" (and" other" tactics)" to" increase"<br />
participation"and"data"quality.""<br />
"<br />
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26"Where" particular" types" of" respondents" tend" towards" particular" modes." This" is" frequently" cited" as" an"<br />
advantage" of" mixed]mode" designs" as" it" may" alleviate" problems" associated" with" non]response" or" non]<br />
coverage."<br />
27"<strong>The</strong>"influence"of"mode"on"response."<strong>The</strong>"idea"that"a"respondent"may"give"different"answers"for"different"<br />
modes."This"is"a"real"problem"for"mixed]mode"designs.""<br />
! 47!