Microcomputer Circuits and Processes

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Longman Group Limited Longman House, Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England and Associated Companies throughout the World Copyright © 1985 The Nuffield-Chelsea Curriculum Trust Design and art direction by Ivan Dodd Illustrations by Oxford Illustrators Limited Filmset in Times Roman and Univers and made and printed in Great Britain at The Bath Press, Avon ISBN 0 582 35423 4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise - without the prior written permission of the Publishers. Cover The photograph on the back cover shows individual gates of a microchip made visible by EBIC (electron beam induced current) inside a scanning electron microscope. A defective gate (no glow) shows up amongst operating cells (fluorescent glow). The photograph on the front cover shows the defective cell of the microchip analysed by an elemental analyser built into the electron microscope. The material distribution at the defective emitter of the cell is mapped by computer on a colour monitor screen in colours representing relative material thickness. The width between adjoining tracks in each case is 10 !-Lm. Courtesy ERA Technology + Micro Consultants/Link Systems Photographs: Paul Brierley
CONTENTS PROLOGUE page iv Chapter 1 A HISTORY OF THE MICROPROCESSOR 1 Chapter 2 THE ELECTRONICS OF A MICROCOMPUTER 8 Chapter 3 RUNNING A SIMPLE PROGRAM 26 Chapter 4 MEMORIES, INTERFACES, AND APPLICATIONS 44 EPILOGUE 75 BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 INDEX 76 .1.
Page 2 and 3: General editor. Revised Nuffield Ad
Page 6 and 7: PROLOGUE This Reader explains how m
Page 8 and 9: transistor, through the logic circu
Page 10 and 11: tasks (large computing 'power'), wa
Page 12 and 13: 800000 mark. Such high sales result
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 2 THE ELECTRONICS MICROCOMP
Page 16 and 17: enabled, as the truth table in figu
Page 18 and 19: D memory cell storing binary 0 stor
Page 20 and 21: address bus r----- AND gates RD .--
Page 22 and 23: If you get the chance, look up 7415
Page 24 and 25: Period 2 Period 3 The data bits are
Page 26 and 27: transfers the full 16 bits of addre
Page 28 and 29: INPUT AND OUTPUT Devices that input
Page 30 and 31: A glance at the timing diagram in f
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 3 RUNNING A SIMPLE PROGRAM
Page 34 and 35: adding is represented by 1111. Figu
Page 36 and 37: The number moved into register A im
Page 38 and 39: loaded into register A. So the CPU
Page 40 and 41: The FETCH cycles FETCH cycles, whic
Page 42 and 43: The EXECUTE cycles During EXECUTE c
Page 44 and 45: Second EXECUTE cycle MOV M--+Acc, c
Page 46 and 47: Third EXECUTE cycle ADI, clock peri
Page 48 and 49: That is the end of the program, exc
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 4 MEMORIES, INTERFACES, AND
Page 52 and 53: measurements made from a microproce
Page 54 and 55:
(al (bl Figure 4.6 (a) Same as in f
Page 56 and 57:
A typical bubble unit contains 300
Page 58 and 59:
(al driver displays 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
Page 60 and 61:
Where exactly is this common line c
Page 62 and 63:
this R is in series with the next h
Page 64 and 65:
That is the principle of the conver
Page 66 and 67:
comparator digital-to-analogue data
Page 68 and 69:
II CI l! ~L--~---- desired measurem
Page 70 and 71:
except that it is sent out bit afte
Page 72 and 73:
These equally spaced voltages are f
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 4.35 shows how the letter 'D
Page 76 and 77:
A CONTROL AND DATA AQUISITION COMPU
Page 78 and 79:
It does this by outputting a signal
Page 80 and 81:
The second application, shown in fi
Page 82 and 83:
INDEX This Index will direct you to
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