Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

More documents

Recommendations

Info

found suggestive evidence for a genetic linkage for pleasantness of cinnamon at a locus on chromosome 4q32.3. High heritability for the pleasantness of cinnamon was found in the family but not the twin study. Heritability of perceived intensity of androstenone odor was determined to be ~30% in the twin sample. A strong genetic correlation between perceived intensity and pleasantness of androstenone, in the absence of any environmental correlation, indicated that only the genetic correlation explained the phenotypic correlation between the traits and that the traits were influenced by an overlapping set of genes. Self-rated olfactory function appeared to reflect the odor annoyance experienced rather than actual olfactory acuity or genetic involvement. Results from nongenetic analyses supported the speculated superiority of females’ olfactory abilities, the age-related diminishing of olfactory acuity, and the influences of experience-dependent factors on odor responses. A genetic effect was detected for only a few responses to specific odors, suggesting the predominance of environmental effects in odor perceptions. Acknowledgements: Finnish Academy, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. #11 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN OLFACTION Phenotype/Genotype Associations in Human Olfaction Charles J. Wysocki 1 , Danielle R. Reed 1 , Doron Lancet 2 , Yehudit Hasin 2 , Antti Knaapila 1 , Jennifer Louie 1 , Fujiko Duke 1 , Lisa Oriolo 1 1 Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel Humans have ~850 olfactory receptor (OR) genes. Few of the roughly 380 functional OR genes have been deorphanized, i.e., the G-protein coupled receptor coded by the OR gene has been paired with a ligand, although even for those that have it is unknown whether the ligand is the “best fitting.” Among the 850 OR genes and pseudogenes is a special subset of segregating pseudogenes (SPGs) wherein some people have an intact OR gene, and others have a pseudogene containing a stop codon or a significant deletion/frame shift. We have focused upon ~60 SPGs and OR7D4 (which has been implicated in the perception of androstenone) in a population of blacks and whites and have obtained, from ~600 people, olfactory detection thresholds, pleasantness ratings and odor quality descriptor for the following odorants: muscone (musky), 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (sweaty), benzyl salicylate (balsamic), Galaxolide® (musky), isovaleric acid (sweaty), isoamyl acetate (pear/banana), Jeger’s ketal (woody/amber), pentadecalactone (musky) and androstenone (urinous/woody/floral). These odorants were chosen because some people have specific hyposmias or anosmias. Although data are still being collected, to date, more whites (9%) than blacks (2%) have specific anosmia for androstenone; more males than females have specific anosmias for isovlaeric acid (9% vs. 2%), isoamyl acetate (3% vs 0%) and androstenone (11% vs. 4%). Of the 36 pairwise correlations for thresholds, 30 were significant (p
#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN OLFACTION Next generation genomics of human olfactory variation Doron Lancet 1 , Yehudit Hasin 1 , Sebastian Waszak 2 , Ifat Keydar 1 , Miriam Khen 1 , Charles J. Wysocki 3 , Edna Ben-Asher 1 , Yoav Gilad 4 , Jan O. Korbel 2 , Tsviya Olender 1 1 The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel, 2 European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, Germany, 3 Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA, 4 University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA We have previously identified 75 cases of human OR deleterious alleles, stemming from frame-disrupting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and null copy number variations (CNVs). This provides a genomic infrastructure for associating OR genotypes to olfactory phenotypes. To augment such a list and extend it beyond OR coding region losses, we now apply the novel Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method to genome and transcriptome sequences. Test analysis of 100 intact OR genes in 20 individuals indicated a capacity to discover 19 additional disrupting SNPs (segregating pseudogenes, SPGs) with up to 4 bp deletions. More comprehensively, scrutinizing the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data, we have identified ~3500 novel SNPs, including 78 new disrupting ones. In the realm of CNVs, we developed CopySeq, a new algorithm for large-scale determination of accurate copy-number genotypes and applied it to the low-sequence-depth 1000GP data of 150 individuals. We observed a wide range of OR copy-number states (0-9 copies), and are contemplating the possible phenotype at the high copy number end. For OR deletions, we found 95 novel loci and obtained good estimates for their population prevalence, including clear paucity in African-Americans. About 10% of the functional ORs have a deletion allele and ~25% of all individuals show at least one homozygous deletion. In parallel, olfactory epithelial NGS transcriptome analysis is unraveling novel mutation targets, includes upstream splice junctions, as well as a verified and augmented list of human olfactory transduction genes. The emerging variation map of the olfactory gene universe will assist in explaining the full extent of olfactory phenotype variations, covering both odorant-specific differences as well as general chemosensory threshold diversity. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH grant RO1 DC00298 to CJW and the Crown Human Genome Center at the Weizmann Institute. #14 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN OLFACTION Genetics of Olfactory Perception in Humans Leslie B Vosshall 1, 2 1 The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA, 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute New York, NY, USA pleasantness of more than 100 different odorous stimuli. Strong correlations were found for the perception of different aspects of the same stimulus and for the perception of the same odor at different concentrations. The perception of structurally similar odors like androstenone and androstadienone, showed strong correlations, validating our approach. The same was found for structurally diverse yet perceptually similar odors like the musky odors ethylene brassylate, pentadecalactone, and galaxolide. An unbiased analysis of the correlations also uncovered new connections between odors that are neither perceptually nor structurally similar, but presumably are processed by overlapping neuronal substrates. Taken together, these findings allow us to group human subjects into perceptual phenotypes based on their odor perception. We previously correlated differences in the perceived pleasantness and intensity of androstenone and androstadienone with genetic variation in the OR7D4 gene and suggest that the perceptual phenotypes discovered here may correspond to odorant receptor gene genotypes. Acknowledgements: Work in my laboratory is supported by HHMI and NIH/NIDCD. #15 PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND NEUROMODULATORS IN THE TASTE BUD Cells, signals, and synapses in mammalian taste buds Stephen Roper Department of Physiology & Biophysics, and Program in Neuroscience, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 A taste bud is a population of 50 to 100 interacting cells that process gustatory stimuli and excite one or more primary sensory afferent fibers that innervate the taste bud. Some taste cells within the population respond to sweet, bitter or umami compounds, others to sour (H+), and yet others to salty (Na+). Fats (as fatty acids) may also stimulate selected subsets of cells within the population. Gustatory stimulation at the taste pore initiates a series of synaptic interactions within the population of taste cells, involving the exchange of excitatory and inhibitory signals, and including feedback signaling. My laboratory has focused on identifying the synaptic transmitters that underlie this exchange of signals in the taste bud. We are investigating which cells release neurotransmitters, what is(are) the transmitter(s), where do those transmitters act within the taste bud, and ultimately, how are the interactions among the different cells orchestrated to produce a meaningful signal output that can be transmitted to the sensory afferent fibers. Our findings to date indicate that considerable synaptic integration takes place during taste reception; taste buds appear to be conducting a remarkable extent of signal processing during gustatory stimulation. Odorant receptors represent the largest gene superfamily in the human genome and. account for the diversity of odors that we can detect, yet it is not known how the olfactory system encodes an olfactory percept. Because humans can sense many more odors that than the number of odorant receptor genes they possess, there must be some overlap in the neuronal substrates processing different odor stimuli. We analyzed correlations between different aspects of odor perception for two concentrations of 66 different odors to study how one aspect of olfactory perception predicts other aspects. We collected olfactory detection thresholds for several odors and subjective assessments of the intensity and Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 11
Page 1: AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
Page 5 and 6: AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
Page 7 and 8: We are pleased to announce that sev
Page 9 and 10: #1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
Page 11: and against delta ENaC is being pur
Page 15 and 16: #19 SYMPOSIUM - CILIA, SENSORY DYSF
Page 17 and 18: #26 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS - POLAK
Page 19 and 20: esponse selectivity for both OSNs a
Page 21 and 22: elicit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP
Page 23 and 24: contrast, changing the concentratio
Page 25 and 26: of OBPs, we have systematically sup
Page 27 and 28: whereas mouse and joystick reaction
Page 29 and 30: POSTER PRESENTATIONS #P1 POSTER SES
Page 31 and 32: PROP strips and PROP solutions. PAV
Page 33 and 34: #P11 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGIN
Page 37 and 38: TGI. The present study investigated
Page 39 and 40: delivered in the scanner intra-oral
Page 41 and 42: a universal odor descriptor map. Ho
Page 43 and 44: acetate or ethyl butyrate v/v in mi
Page 47 and 48: #P54 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY P
Page 53 and 54: hours later, the levels of prolifer
Page 55 and 56: extrusion from OSNs. We are charact
Page 57 and 58: anchor of ‘strongest sensation of
Page 59 and 60: cells within gustatory papillae, we
Page 61 and 62: excite menthol- and/or CA-sensitive
Page 63 and 64:
gene, HMBS was used. All primers we
Page 65 and 66:
oom, without time keeping devices,
Page 67 and 68:
#P113 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
decreasing of endogenous volatiles
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
may serve to integrate central and
Page 79 and 80:
esponse magnitudes. Inhibitions rea
Page 81 and 82:
the second a non-specific cation ch
Page 83 and 84:
saline. Some of the labeled ORNs sh
Page 85 and 86:
#P166 POSTER SESSION IV: CHEMOSENSO
Page 87 and 88:
pregnancy block. In order to unders
Page 89 and 90:
of GSP neurons and 97% of PA neuron
Page 91 and 92:
concentrations than flies raised on
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
#P210 POSTER SESSION V: CENTRAL OLF
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
familiarity and cultural difference
Page 117 and 118:
#P265 is found on page 128. #P266 P
Page 119 and 120:
perception of purine 5’-ribonucle
Page 121 and 122:
#P278 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL
Page 123 and 124:
(CT), the greater superficial petro
Page 125 and 126:
were significantly different from o
Page 127 and 128:
MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
Page 129 and 130:
consisting of motors and IFT comple
Page 131 and 132:
wing. Philip Callahan exposed insec
Page 133 and 134:
seem to indicate that total nasal v
Page 135 and 136:
possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
Page 137 and 138:
#P325 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY
Page 139 and 140:
of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
Page 141 and 142:
showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
Page 143 and 144:
differentiated patients with AD (M=
Page 145 and 146:
pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
Page 153 and 154:
Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
Page 155 and 156:
Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
Page 157 and 158:
Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
Page 159 and 160:
Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
Page 161 and 162:
See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
show all

Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?