Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S #P110 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Perfume Masculinity/Femininity Affects Face Gender Judgments Theresa White 1.2 1 Le Moyne College Syracuse, NY, USA, 2 SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA The human face provides a great deal of information that is valuable for social situations. When information from a face is ambiguous, however, people look to the immediate environmental context for cues, including odors, that may help to clarify the situation. Biologically relevant odors can influence decisions about gender (Kovacs et al, 2004; Zhou & Chen, 2009) and odor valence can influence social preferences (Li et al, 2007). The present experiment asked whether the presence of commercially available perfumes (both marketed and evaluated for masculinity/femininity) would provide information that might influence the classification of gender in faces that were either gender distinct (male or female), or ambiguous. Male participants were divided into two groups: one of which sniffed a masculine perfume (Caesars Man, Caesars) while classifying two 8-trial blocks of faces as “male” or “female” as quickly and accurately as possible, and the other of which sniffed a feminine perfume (Shania, Stetson) while performing the same activity. Results showed that although the frequency of classification of ambiguous faces was not influenced by the presence of perfume, men were slower to classify an ambiguous face in a way that was inconsistent with the gender denoted by the perfume, t(16)=2.55, p=0.03. Although a ceiling effect was present for the classification of the gender distinct faces, errors tended to be made with faces that were inconsistent with the perfume that participants were given, t(17)=2.05, p=0.03, one-tailed. These results suggest that the masculinity/femininity of a fine fragrance influences decisions regarding gender, and that perfume acts as a relevant cue in guiding social interactions. #P111 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Olfactory Brown Tali Weiss, Kobi Snitz, Elad Schneidman, Noam Sobel Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute Rehovot, Israel In audition, a sound that contains every frequency within the range of human hearing, each at equal amplitude, is perceived as a hum termed “white noise”. In vision, a mixture that combines all wavelengths in the visible spectrum at equal energy is perceived as “white”, and a mixture of primary paint colors is perceived as “brown”. In fact, a careful mixture of just three primary paints, red; blue; and yellow, is sufficient to generate a brown. Here we set out to ask whether we could similarly generate an “olfactory brown”. We took advantage of the recent development of an olfactory perceptual metric space from which we could select odorants that span perception. Critically, we first diluted those odorants to equal intensity. We then found that discrimination accuracy between one 28-component mixture and another 28- component mixture was equal to discrimination accuracy of a 14- component mixture from the 28-component mixture. More critically, discrimination difficulty, and hence similarity, between the 14-component and 28-component mixture was not different from that of one 28-component mixture and another. These results suggest that mixtures containing large numbers of different odors that span perceptual olfactory space may generate a similar percept: olfactory brown. These results reflect an initial exploration of olfactory perceptual space. Due to the mammoth effort of equating intensity and the endless combinatorial possibilities in exploring this question, the current results should be considered a pilot effort only. That said, this pilot suggests that mixtures containing large numbers of different odorants that span perceptual olfactory space, and that critically were equated for intensity, may generate a similar percept: olfactory brown. #P112 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Influence of Odor Pleasantness on Perceived Intensity in Binary Mixtures Miki Wakamatsu, Yukio Sone, Hisanori Nagata, Hiroki Shikata, Yuichi Furudono Tobacco Science Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc. Kanagawa, Japan It has been reported that human subjects tend to estimate the intensity of unpleasant odor stronger than that of pleasant odor. This result suggests odor intensity could vary according to perceived pleasantness as well as stimulus concentration, which is obviously related to intensity. On the basis of these studies, we hypothesized that if odor pleasantness is improved, this will cause the reduction of perceived intensity. To address this issue, we evaluated odor intensity and pleasantness of binary mixtures, of which pleasant odor was gradually added under the presence of constant concentration of unpleasant odor. Firstly, we asked 10 human subjects to evaluate odor intensity and pleasantness as a function of concentration, and we chose 2 pleasant (dl-limonene and cycloten) and 2 unpleasant (isovaleric acid and ethanethiol) odors from these results. Then, they consecutively rated odor intensity and pleasantness of the mixture of which dl-limonene was gradually added to the constant concentration of isovaleric acid. Although odor pleasantness was improved as concentration of dl-limonene was increased, the intensity of mixture did not decrease significantly at any concentrations of added dl-limonene. However, there was the particular concentration range of dllimonene in which the pleasantness of mixture was improved without increasing the intensity. The mixture of cycloten and ethanethiol was also made and the same result was obtained. On the other hand, we could not observe such a particular concentration range in the mixture of 2 unpleasant odors. These results indicate that odor intensity of mixtures would be affected by pleasantness of components, and that unpleasantness of odor can be improved without increasing perceived intensity by adding pleasant odor in a carefully adjusted concentration. 64 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
#P113 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Long-term reductions of olfactory sensitivity due to shortterm intermittent exposures to a peri-threshold odorant Sarah Ezzell 1 , Jennifer Chen 1 , Wen Zhou 1,2 , Meng Zhang 3 , Denise Chen 1 1 Rice University Houston, TX, USA, 2 Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China, 3 Harbin Medical University Harbin, China Adaptation refers to a reduced sensitivity to a stimulus as a result of continuous exposure. It is standard to classify olfactory adaptation as short-term versus long-term, with the assumption that brief exposures (seconds to minutes) lead to fast recoveries from the odorant (within minutes) while prolonged exposures (hours to days and weeks) yield slow recoveries (hours to weeks or longer). In the current study, we assessed the olfactory threshold of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) in five female subjects and that of n-butanol in another five female subjects. Each subject was tested once every four days over a course of two months. Each time, the subjects were exposed to peri-threshold concentrations of an odorant intermittently for approximately half a minute, with at least 30s in between the exposures. We showed a significant monotonic reduction of sensitivity in the course of repetitive testing of both PEA and n-butanol. Our findings demonstrate that mere short-term exposures to a perithreshold odorant can amount to progressive long-term adaptation and provide new insights in the interplay between the receptor and higher cognitive levels of olfactory adaptation. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by NIH R03DC4956. #P114 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING The relationship between positive odor-evoked memories and product evaluation Haruko Sugiyama 1 , Akiko Oshida 1 , Paula Thueneman 2 , Susan Littell 2 , Atsushi Katayama 1 , Mitsuyoshi Kashiwagi 1 , Satoshi Hikichi 1 , Rachel S. Herz 3 1 Perfumery Development Research labs., Kao Corporation Tokyo, Japan, 2 Kao Brands Company Cincinnati, OH, USA, 3 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Providence, RI, USA Odors evoke more emotional and evocative autobiographical memories than other sensory modalities. We speculated that if positive emotional memories were evoked by an aromatic product, it would elicit a positive mood and the product would be evaluated more favorably. Thus, the purpose of our study was to explore odors that evoke positive emotional memories and to investigate whether those odors would enhance various product evaluations. In Experiment 1, 54 young (22-31 years) and 68 older (42-51 years) US women smelled 17 odors and described the emotions evoked and rated their emotional quality. Next they were asked to describe any autobiographical memories evoked by the odors, and to evaluate its pleasantness, specificity, emotional intensity and evocativeness. Then, they rated the odor itself for: pleasantness, relaxation-stimulation, and likability. Results showed that the pleasantness of autobiographical memories was highly correlated with the quality of emotions evoked and how relaxing and pleasant the odor was perceived to be. It was further found that of the 17 odors, three most consistently evoked positive memories and one was consistently responded to neutrally. These odors were then selected for further study in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, 271 US women aged 22- 31 years evaluated and used a lotion scented with 1 of the 4 odors from Experiment 1. Participants first evaluated the odor and reported emotions and memories as in Experiment 1, then they used the lotion for one week in their normal routine. Following the usage period, participants assessed how much they liked the lotion and evaluated various features of lotion quality. Results showed if the odor had evoked an emotional memory the lotion was rated higher on more measures than if the odor was non-evocative. #P115 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING A Compact Multi-functional Olfactometer for fMRI Examinations Qing X Yang 1,2 , Weidong Yang 3 , Lucas Ansel 1 , Xiaoyu Sun 1 , Jianli Wang 1 , Christopher W Weitekamp 1 1 Radiology, Center for NMR Research, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA, USA, 2 Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey, PA, USA, 3 Emerging Tech Trans, LCC Hummelstown, PA, USA The study of olfaction with fMRI is limited partially due to magnetic susceptibility artifacts in the inferior frontal-temporal olfactory territory and inadequate knowledge of neural activity and subsequent local hemodynamic function (BOLD) in the central olfactory structures. To address the latter issue requires a device that is capable of delivering odorants with a precise synchronization to the subject’s respiration pattern. Several MRI compatible olfactometers have been developed for odorant delivery for fMRI. However, few of those devices are capable of monitoring and recording the subject’s respiration pattern and subsequently applying that data to the experimental paradigm. The subject’s respiratory pattern can modulate the experimental paradigm in terms of timing and odor perception (intensity and threshold), which presents a critical issue for fMRI postprocessing and data interpretation. In this design, we present a highly integrated multi-functional olfactometer, developed specifically to overcome the aforementioned problems that are common to olfactory fMRI examination. It delivers up to six different odorants with accurate timing and without any optical, acoustic, thermal, or tactile cues to the subject. The multifunctional device also monitors and records the subject’s respiration pattern, which can be synchronized with the subject’s task response in real-time. The olfactory fMRI data quality and acquisition reliability are significantly improved with this olfactometer design. Acknowledgements: The Leader Family Foundation Laboratory for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and NIH R01 AG 027771. P O S T E R S Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 65
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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We are pleased to announce that sev
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#1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
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and against delta ENaC is being pur
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#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN O
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#P265 is found on page 128. #P266 P
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perception of purine 5’-ribonucle
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#P278 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL
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(CT), the greater superficial petro
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were significantly different from o
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MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
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consisting of motors and IFT comple
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wing. Philip Callahan exposed insec
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seem to indicate that total nasal v
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possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
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#P325 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY
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of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
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showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
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differentiated patients with AD (M=
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pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
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Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
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Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
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Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
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Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
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See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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