Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S supplement other analyses. We show how it can provide a more accessible entry point to investigations of the relationships between odorant structure and physiological response across the suite of olfactory receptors. We apply this visualization method to three datasets, focusing on activation by octanal of rodent olfactory sensory neurons. This presentation helps underscore striking asymmetry in the response to odorants, highlights the presence of functional nodes / attractors in chemical space, and illustrates the dynamic nature of the population code in response to shifting concentration. Acknowledgements: supported via funding from the NIH NIDCD #P82 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Taste Preferences of the FHH-Chr n BN Consomic Rat Strain Set Michael G. Tordoff Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA Breakthroughs in the molecular genetics of the mouse have led to the discovery of several taste receptors and transduction mechanisms. However, findings in the mouse do not always generalize to other species, and the rat has long been the model of choice for studying taste and nutrition. To begin genetic studies of rat taste preferences, we exploited the FHH-Chr n BN consomic strain set. Groups of 5–15 male rats from the FHH, BN, and all 22 consomic (Chr 1–20, X and Y) strains received 4-day two-bottle tests with a choice between water and each of the following: 10 mM NaCl, 237 mM NaCl, 32 mM CaCl2, 1 mM saccharin, 100 mM NH4Cl, 32 mM sucrose, 100 mM KCl, 4% ethanol, 1 mM HCl, 10 mM MSG, 1 mM citric acid, 32 mM QHCl, 1% corn oil, 32 mM denatonium, 1% Polycose, and 1 mM capsaicin. There were many significant differences in taste solution avidity between various consomic strains and the FHH strain, but few involving chromosomes harboring previously identified taste genes. As examples, (a) avidity for saccharin was influenced by loci on Chr 4, 10, 11, 16 and 17 but not Chr 5, which harbors Tas1r2 and Tas1r3, the receptor subunits primarily responsible for variation in sweet taste preferences of the mouse; (b) avidity for sour tastes was influenced by loci on Chr 2, 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 but not Chr 1 or 19, which harbor Pkd2l1 and Pkd1l3, genes implicated in sour taste variation in mice; (c) avidity for fat (corn oil) was influenced by loci on Chr 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 but not Chr 4, which harbors Cd36, a gene implicated in fat taste in mice. Genes involved in taste transduction in the mouse do not account for the variation in taste preferences between these rat strains; instead, the results point to novel genetic contributions to taste preferences. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH RO1 DK-46791. The rats were provided by a Seed Grant Program sponsored by Physiogenix Inc. (Wawatosa, WI). #P83 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Association Between Common Genetic Variation in the G-alpha Gustducin Gene and Human Sucrose Perception Alexey A. Fushan 1 , Christopher T. Simons 2 , Jay P. Slack 2 , Dennis T. Drayna 1 1 NIDCD/National Institutes of Health Rockville, MD, USA, 2 Givaudan Flavors Corp. Cincinnati, OH, USA Variation in taste perception of different chemical substances is a well known phenomenon common in both humans and animals. We evaluated the hypothesis that sequence variations occurring in genes encoding taste signaling molecules can influence sweet taste perception in humans. Our population consisted of unrelated individuals (n = 160) of Caucasian, African and Asian descent. Threshold and suprathreshold sensitivities of participants for sucrose were estimated using a sorting test and signal detection analysis that produced cumulative R-index area under the curve (AUC) scores. Genetic association analysis revealed significant correlation of sucrose AUC scores with genetic variation occurring in the GNAT3 gene (single point p = 10 -3 -10 -4 ), which encodes the taste-specific Ga protein subunit gustducin. Subsequent sequencing identified additional GNAT3 variations having significant association with sucrose AUC scores. Collectively, GNAT3 polymorphisms explain 13% of the variation in sucrose perception. Our findings underscore the importance of common genetic variants influencing human taste perception. In addition, because Ga gustducin also mediates bitter taste transduction, we propose variation at this locus may also underlie variation in human bitter taste perception. Acknowledgements: NIH intramural grant Z01-000046-10, CRADA DC-08-001, Givaudan Flavors Corp. #P84 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Do TAS1R3 promoter region SNP rs35744813 A allele carriers show a reduced response to concentrated sucrose? John E Hayes 1,3 , John E McGeary 2,3 , Andrea Grenga 2,3 , Robert M Swift 2,3 1 Department of Food Science, Penn State State College, PA, USA, 2 Providence VA Medical Center Providence, RI, USA, 3 Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University Providence, RI, USA Recently, two polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TAS1R3 sweet taste receptor gene were shown to have functional consequences: in a signal detection based ranking task, A allele carriers (AA homozygotes and AG heterozygotes) for rs307355 and rs35744813 were found to have reduced sucrose sensitivity (Fushan et al 2009) at low sucrose concentrations (.12M and below). We attempted to extend this finding to higher sucrose concentrations using a different psychophysical approach (direct scaling) for one of the putatively functional SNPs. Here, 60+ participants tasted five sucrose (.08, .16, .32, .64 and .96M) stimuli (10mL) in triplicate, and rated the intensity of sweetness and other taste qualities using the generalized Visual Analog Scale (gVAS), an unstructured scale derived from the generalized labeled magnitude scale (gLMS). Similar to the gLMS, the gVAS has a top 54 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
anchor of ‘strongest sensation of any kind’ and a broad usage context is encouraged through a brief scale orientation where participants rate the intensity of 16 remembered sensations. The gVAS differs from the gLMS in that all internal lines and adjective labels between no sensation and the top anchor have been removed. DNA was obtained via buccal swab and the TAS1R3 promoter genotype for rs35744813 was determined via custom TaqMan probe on an ABI Prism 7900HT Sequencer. The minor allele frequency for rs35744813 in our sample was similar to prior work. However, our data were not consistent with reduced sucrose response in A allele carriers. Presently, it is unclear whether conflicting results are due to the sample, the range of concentrations tested or the psychophysical approach (direct scaling vs. r-index). Also, more work is needed to determine whether the rs307355 polymorphism may be functional at high sucrose concentrations. Acknowledgements: Supported by funds from NIH T32AA07459, R44AA014118, and a VA Career Development Award. #P85 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Polymorphism in Bitter Taste Receptors of Primates Hiroo Imai 1,2 , Nami Suzuki 1 , Tohru Sugawara 1 , Atsushi Matsui 1 , Yasuhiro Go 2 , Hirohisa Hirai 1,2 1 Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Inuyama, Japan, 2 Global COE Program, Kyoto University Inuyama, Japan In mammals, bitter taste is mediated by T2R gene family members. Since T2Rs are directly involved in the interaction between mammals and their dietary sources, these genes likely evolved to reflect regionally specific diets during mammalian evolution. Human T2R genes (hT2Rs) have been observed to be polymorphic, however, polymorphisms in other wild animals has not been investigated so far. In order to elucidate the evolutionary process of bitter taste recognition, we started genotyping bitter taste receptors of individual primates living in the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University. As a result, it has been revealed that there are many Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in T2Rs. Behavioral tests showed the presence of specific bitter-taste insensitive monkeys whose specific T2R is disrupted. These data demonstrate the presence of monkey models useful for bitter taste sensitivity, receptor expression, and neuronal processes. In addition to furthering analysis of molecular properties, in cooperation with the global COE program, we are constructing a genetic database of the individual captive primates in the institute. Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by global COE program A06 and by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (2137009) and grants from the Takeda Foundation for Science and the Suzuken Memorial Foundation to H. I. #P86 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Community-Based Participatory Research in a Museum Setting Nicole L Garneau, Jonathan Grudis, Meghan Sloan, Susan Nicholson-Dykstra, Cathy Sheldon, Bridget Coughlin Denver Museum of Nature & Science Denver, CO, USA As a museum, our vision is to “create a community of critical thinkers”. Our Genetics of Taste: A Flavor for Health study accomplishes this by allowing the community to actively drive a real research project. The study has scientific and educational objectives: determine the relationship of the genotype and phenotype of Tas2r38 to genetic ancestry and overall body composition and also to increase public understanding of how genetic research translates from the laboratory setting into meaningful information for society as a whole. These objectives are executed within a community-based participatory research laboratory within our health exhibit, Expedition Health. From inception to execution, this program is a thriving example of community-based participatory research at its best. The research question was chosen by the public and the study is conducted by volunteer citizen-scientists. Finally, museum visitors are enrolled as subjects using a series of simple, but highly specific tests: DNA collection for genotyping and ancestry analysis, a propylthiouracil taste test, body mass index measurement, and a fungiform papillae density count. The scientific benefit of this community-based approach is obvious: enrollment within the museum allows us to obtain an unprecedented sample size of greater than 1000 subjects, providing data subsets from a wide range of ages and diverse backgrounds. We anticipate this advantage will help build a broader picture of Tas2r38 than would otherwise be possible. In conclusion, through community participation in authentic research, the Genetics of Taste study has and will continue to increase public understanding of genetic research, while also making strides to better understand the genetic ancestry of Tas2r38 and its affect on the health of modern day humans. Acknowledgements: R25 RR025066-02 NIH NCRR SEPA #P87 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY PHYSIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY; TASTE MOLECULAR GENETICS; CHEMESTHESIS & TRIGEMINAL Morphological, physiological, and gene expression evidence for a supertasting phenotype in Gust-BDNF mice Irina V. Nosrat 1 , Shailaja Kishan Rao 1 , Michelle Sims 1 , Akira Ito 1 , Weikuan Gu 1 , Robert Margolskee 2 , Christopher A. Nosrat 1 1 University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, and Center for Cancer Research Memphis, TN, USA, 2 Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA P O S T E R S Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most potent neurotrophic factor in the taste system during development, which is also expressed in taste cells of adult mice. To study the roles that BDNF plays in the adult taste system, BDNF transgene expression was driven by the alpha-gustducin promoter in C57 taster background mice. BDNF overexpression in taste papillae was verified by in situ hybridization and quantitative real time PCR on laser capture microdissected taste buds. We performed immunohistochemistry on taste papillae using Troma-1, a taste Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 55
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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familiarity and cultural difference
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#P265 is found on page 128. #P266 P
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perception of purine 5’-ribonucle
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(CT), the greater superficial petro
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were significantly different from o
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MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
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consisting of motors and IFT comple
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wing. Philip Callahan exposed insec
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seem to indicate that total nasal v
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possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
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#P325 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY
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of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
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showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
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differentiated patients with AD (M=
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pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
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Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
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Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
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Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
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Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
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See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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