Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S #P45 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Gene Expression in the Olfactory Epithelium of b3GnT2 Mice Thomas K Knott 1 , Pasil A Madany 2 , Timothy R Henion 1 , Ashley A Faden 1 , Gary A Schwarting 1 1 University of Masachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA, 2 College of the Holy Cross Worcester, MA, USA The glycosyltransferase b3GnT2 is highly expressed in olfactory neurons where it regulates poly-lactosamine glycan synthesis on several glycoproteins involved with olfactory axon guidance and signal transduction. Null mice for b3GnT2 have severe defects in olfactory epithelium development and glomerular targeting. Olfactory bulb innervation is delayed in early postnatal null mice, resulting in disorganized glomerular formation and a loss of specific odorant receptor-expressing neuronal subsets that persists in adults. To identify potential changes in gene expression associated with this phenotype we analyzed mRNA isolated from b3GnT2 mutant mice and wildtype littermates using Affymetrix mouse gene arrays. These chips contain over 34,000 unique target sequences including probes for more than 600 mouse odorant receptors. Preliminary studies suggest that many genes including those encoding for odorant receptors may be up- and downregulated in the olfactory epithelium of b3GnT2 null mice. Regulation of individual gene expression is being confirmed by in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR studies. Importantly, these studies corroborate earlier work showing that adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3) is significantly down-regulated in the OE of null mice. This suggests that some changes in gene expression may be due directly to the loss of b3GnT2-dependent glycosylation, while other differences may result in part from a decrease in AC3-dependent signaling in b3Gnt2 null olfactory neurons. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH grants DC00953 and DC09034. #P46 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Genomic Effects of Unilateral Naris Occlusion (UNO) on the Olfactory Mucosa: A RNA Microarray Approach in Mouse Chris T Waggener 1 , David M Coppola 2 1 Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA, 2 Department of Biology, Randolph Macon College Ashland, VA, USA UNO has been the method of choice for effecting stimulus deprivation in studies of olfactory plasticity. Early experiments focused on deleterious effects of UNO while more recent studies have pointed to ‘compensatory’ effects. However, the idea of deprivation-induced compensatory processes remains tenuous. High-throughput methods such as microarrays can help fill the deficits in understanding of UNO effects. Here we report an analysis of genomic effects on olfactory mucosa induced by UNO using the Mouse OneArray chip (Phalanx Biotech Group). RNA was extracted from mucosa of 25-postnatal day (PND) FVB strain mice using a Qiagen kit. Three mice received UNO on PND 1 and three untreated mice served as controls resulting in the treatments: UNO open side, UNO occluded side, and untreated mucosa. RNA samples were then hybridized to microarrays. Here we focus on the >700 olfactory receptor genes and 14 component genes of the olfactory transduction cascade that are represented on the Mouse OneArray chip. Twenty % of the olfactory receptor RNAs were significantly up-regulate in occluded side mucosa of UNO mice compared to the open side or control mice. RNAs from several genes of the transductory cascade were significantly modulated in the occluded mucosa in a direction that would amplify transduction. Twenty genes were selected for real-time PCR validation, 11 olfactory receptor genes, 8 transductory cascade genes, and a control gene (G6pdx). Taken together our analysis of olfactory mucosal RNA provides further support for the hypothesis that stimulus deprivation caused by UNO triggers a compensatory response in olfactory mucosa. This phenomenon is reminiscent of homeostatic processes garnering considerable attention of late in the CNS but is among the first such demonstrations in primary sensory neurons. Acknowledgements: NSF Grant 0641433 to DMC #P47 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Unilateral smell loss- an early indicator for future global olfactory dysfunction Volker Gudziol, Irene Paech Smell & Taste Clinic Dresden, Germany Approximately 15% of subjectively normosmic individuals demonstrate clinical significant unilateral smell loss. That smell loss will not be noticed as long as olfactory function of the better nostril remains in the normal range. We were interested in the question whether individuals demonstrating clinically significant side differences of olfactory function are at risk to develop bilateral olfactory loss. Therefore those individuals (“differencegroup”, n=35) were re-tested on average 4.6 years after baseline investigations. Additionally, 58 subjects who did not demonstrate olfactory side differences (“control- group”) were also reinvestigated. All participants performed detailed olfactory testing using the “Sniffin’ Sticks” involving tests for odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. The “differencegroup” and the “control-group” were not significantly different regarding age (p=0.19), follow up period (p=0.41) and olfactory function of the better nostril at baseline (p=0.35). Olfactory testing at follow- up indicated lower olfactory function (p=0.005) in the “differencegroup” than in the “control- group”. The degree of side difference at baseline correlated negatively with the results from olfactory testing at follow-up (r=-0.29; p=0.01). These results suggest that individuals with side differences of olfactory function are at risk to develop bilateral olfactory loss within 4.5 years. Thus, the degree of unilateral smell loss is an indicator for the intensity of future bilateral olfactory loss. Acknowledgements: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst 42 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
#P48 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Gene expression and alternative splicing at the peak of proliferation during adult neurogenesis Paula M Heron, Timothy S McClintock Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA and browsed for common motifs. We then searched OR promoter regions for motifs that resemble the ones found in the V1R promoters. We identified motifs that are highly represented in the V1R and OR promoter regions. One of these motifs resembles binding sites for transcriptional repressors that belong to the BTB-ZF family, which are known to be associated with condensed chromatin in the nucleus. Our findings suggest that transcriptional repression may constitute an essential mechanism in the precise regulation of OR/V1R gene expression. Acknowledgements: Supported by FAPESP. P O S T E R S A complete view of the molecular events regulating adult neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium requires more than our previous analysis of half the transcriptome (Shetty, et al. 2005 PMID16456926), so we identified differences in the abundance of exons in olfactory epithelia ipsi- and contra-lateral to unilateral bulbectomy of adult mice using the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse 1.0 ST Array, which covers nearly all known exons. At 5 days after lesion, 4103 mRNAs were differentially abundant (p
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familiarity and cultural difference
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perception of purine 5’-ribonucle
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(CT), the greater superficial petro
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were significantly different from o
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MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
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consisting of motors and IFT comple
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wing. Philip Callahan exposed insec
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seem to indicate that total nasal v
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possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
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of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
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showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
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differentiated patients with AD (M=
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pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
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Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
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Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
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Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
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Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
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See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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