Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S adaptation. Nineteen volunteers (ages 18-21; 11 females) served as subjects. To characterize adaptation’s offset time course, we used a liquid-dilution olfactometer to estimate baseline two-bottle discrimination thresholds for brief (600 ms) presentations of vanilla odor. The adapting odorant concentration level was then set to twice baseline-threshold for each subject. Threshold for the 600-ms target was measured as a function of the relative delay between the offset of a 1500-ms adapting stimulus and the onset of the target. On average, subjects recovered significant olfactory sensitivity within 500 ms of adapting odorant termination, but detection thresholds remained above baseline to 2500 ms after adapting stimulus removal. These results, combined with previously reported data from our laboratories, suggest that this stimulus paradigm can provide a detailed characterization of the time course of perceptual odor adaptation. #P317 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Training the inter-nostril localization ability of olfactory chemicals Simona Negoias 1 , Oxana Aszmann 1 , Johannes Gerber 2 1 Interdisciplinary Centre for Smell and Taste, ENT Clinic, University of Dresden Medical School Dresden, Germany, 2 Clinic of Neuroradiology, University of Dresden Medical School Dresden, Germany In vision and audition, the pair of receptor organs is crucial for spatial orientation and localisation of stimuli in the 3-dimensional environment. Whether the pair of receptor organs in olfaction fulfils the same function of localizing odor sources is not yet clear. Is is widely accepted that mixed trigeminal-olfactory chemicals can be accurately localized when applied passively to one of the nostrils. Chemicals with a predominant olfactory component seem, on the contrary, hard or impossible to localize in passive stimulation procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ability of subjects to localize an olfactory stimulus delivered passively to one of the two nostrils would improve under training. Fifty-two healthy, normosmic women aged between 18 and 30 years participated in 6 to 7 sessions. Two groups were created: 27 subjects followed an olfactory lateralisation training protocol using two chemicals known to selectively stimulate the olfactory system (hydrogen sulphide and phenylethylalcolol). The second group performed “brain jogging”. Before and after- training subjective intensity and lateralisation ratings were recorded. Additionally, electrophysiological parameters and fMRI BOLD signal after stimulation with the two odorants were recorded at the end of the training. Comparisons between trained and non-trained subjects suggested an improvement of localisation scores in subjects specifically trained for this. Further analyses and discussion will focus on lateralisation effects. 132 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 #P318 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Similarities and differences between sensory systems in the localsiation of unilateral nasal stimuli Johannes Frasnelli, Valerie A. La Buissonniere Ariz, Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore CERNEC, Universite de Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada Odor stimuli presented to one nostril can only be localized if they additionally activate the trigeminal nerve’s chemosensitive fibers. In this study we aimed to investigate characteristics in the localisation of unilateral trigeminal, olfactory and somatosensory nasal stimuli. We compared subjects’ ability to localise monorhinally presented a) pure olfactory stimuli (phenyl ethyl alcohol), b) mixed olfactory trigeminal stimuli (eucalyptol), and c) somatosensory stimuli (air puffs). As expected, the subjects could localize the air puffs and eucalyptol, but could not localize phenyl ethyl alcohol. Interestingly, we observed a significant correlation between localization performance for eucalyptol and phenyl ethyl alcohol but not between the ability to localize somatosensory and trigeminal or olfactory stimuli. The present study provides further support for the intimate connection between the chemosensory trigeminal and olfactory systems. Acknowledgements: Fondation des Etoiles, Fondation Hopital Ste. Justine (JF) Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research (OC) CRCP, CIHR, NSERC (FL) #P319 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Nasal Epithelial Responses in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis Virginia McM. Carr, Alan M. Robinson, Robert C. Kern Dept. of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Fineberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, IL, USA The aims of this study were to develop a murine model for allergic rhinitis (AR) induction and to analyze AR effects on the olfactory epithelium (OE) and, ultimately, on olfactory functional capabilities and effective pharmacological treatment thereof. We have previously reported (AChemS 2009) successful AR induction in Balb/C mice, shown by high ELISA serum OVAspecific IgE levels and lamina propria (LP) eosinophil infiltration, using a modification of the McCusker et al. (2002) localized asthma induction protocol. Bilateral infusions of 7.5ml/naris of sterile ovalbumin (OVA; 1% in PBS) or PBS were made M-F for 6 or 11 wks, with defined breaks in the regimen to enhance allergic response intensity. One day after the final infusion, mice were deeply anesthetized and perfused with 4% PFA following cardiac blood collection. Paraplast nasal serial sections were examined for overall histology, eosinophil distribution, alcian blue staining, and OMP and neurotubulin immunoreactivities. Histological changes in OVA-treated mice include pronounced LP eosinophil infiltration, noticeable respiratory epithelium (RE) swelling, and OE thinning and disruption with cell sloughing and Bowman’s gland swelling into the OE. Significantly, LP eosinophil infiltration was confined to RE but not seen in OE. We are now using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and activated caspase-3 (cc-3) immunoreactivities to analyze AR effects respectively on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Pronounced BrdU labeling occurs in RE but in OE is seen only in areas that are normally thinner and/or closer to RE. Surprisingly, despite the noticeable epithelial disruption, increased cc-3 labeling is minimal, Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
possibly suggesting non-apoptotic mechanisms of epithelial loss. Currently, TUNEL apoptotic analysis is underway to verify this result. Acknowledgements: Northwestern University FSM inhouse funds #P320 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Influence of sinunasal diseases on olfactory function and quality of life Franziska Krone 1 , Ilona Croy 1 , Jürgen Pade 2 , Angelika Pade 2 , Thomas Hummel 1 1 Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School Dresden, Germany, 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, St.-Johannes Hospital Dortmund, Germany Chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common causes of olfactory disorders and is known to have a large effect on general health and subjective well-being. Aim of this study was to investigate changes in olfactory function and quality of life after surgical treatment of sinunasal disease. A total of 788 patients with sinunasal disorders (492 men, 296 women; age range 9-81 years) were included in the study; 336 patients received sinus surgery, 358 septum surgery and 94 patients received sinus surgery involving the septum. Patient’s subjective impairment and quality of life were measured before and after surgery using standardized questionnaires (Rhinosinusitis Disability Index; SF-36-Questionnaire). Olfactory function was assessed with a standardized odor identification test (“Sniffin’ Sicks”). Five months (63-339 days) after surgery 361 patients were retested. Prior to surgery, 30% of the patients rated their sinunasal problems in the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index to be of a gravely impaired, 61% rated them medium and 9% minor, whereas in the SF-36 score more than 70% of the patients rated their quality of life within the norm. After surgery, symptom-severity decreased in more than 60% of the patients and also a slight improvement (p=0.012-0.08) of general quality of life was observed. An improvement of the sense of smell was found in 18%, no change was seen in 74%, and decreased olfactory function was seen in 8% of the patients. In conclusion, surgery improved olfactory function (p
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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We are pleased to announce that sev
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#1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
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and against delta ENaC is being pur
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#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN O
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#19 SYMPOSIUM - CILIA, SENSORY DYSF
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#26 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS - POLAK
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esponse selectivity for both OSNs a
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elicit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP
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contrast, changing the concentratio
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of OBPs, we have systematically sup
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whereas mouse and joystick reaction
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS #P1 POSTER SES
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PROP strips and PROP solutions. PAV
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#P11 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGIN
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TGI. The present study investigated
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delivered in the scanner intra-oral
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a universal odor descriptor map. Ho
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acetate or ethyl butyrate v/v in mi
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#P54 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY P
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hours later, the levels of prolifer
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extrusion from OSNs. We are charact
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anchor of ‘strongest sensation of
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cells within gustatory papillae, we
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excite menthol- and/or CA-sensitive
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gene, HMBS was used. All primers we
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oom, without time keeping devices,
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#P113 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY
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decreasing of endogenous volatiles
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may serve to integrate central and
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esponse magnitudes. Inhibitions rea
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the second a non-specific cation ch
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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