Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S #P139 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Peripheral taste system morphology in taster and non-taster mice W. Wes Shelton, Akira Ito, Irina V. Nosrat, Christopher A. Nosrat University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Dentistry, and Center for Cancer Research Memphis, TN, USA In humans, taster and non-taster classification is based on an individual’s ability to detect/taste blindness to phenylthiocarbamide. It has been proposed that taste receptor density on the anterior portion of the tongue is related to supertasting in humans. Mouse strains are divided into taster and non-taster groups based on their relative preference/avoidance for bitter and sweet tastants. Genetic composition in different mouse strains predicts the taster/non-taster properties in mice. However, whether or not genetic background is reflected in the morphology and number of taste buds and papillae is not clear. Due to the extensive use of transgenic mice in developmental and biological studies of the peripheral taste system, it is imperative to have better understanding of possible variations in the peripheral taste system in different background strains. The majority of the transgenic mice using homologous recombination in the past were generated using 129 mouse embryonic stem cells. To gain better understanding about the effects of background strain on morphological appearance of the peripheral taste system, we studied taste bud and papillae morphology, number and innervation in two taster strains (C57BL/J and FVB) and two non-taster strains (Balb/C and 129). 129 strain had the lowest number of fungiform papillae and Balb/C mice had the smallest fungiform surface area among the strains studied. Multiplying fungiform papillae number by the papillary surface area might be used as an indicator for the size of the receptor field in different mouse strains. If so, our results indicate that non-taster strains had a smaller receptor field area than taster strains. Thus, our study shows that the taster/non-taster phenotype is reflected in the tongue surface morphology among the strains studied. Acknowledgements: R01-RDC007628 from NIH-NIDCD #P140 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) as a method to map cell fates in adult mouse taste buds Preston D. Moore, Jarrod D. Sword, Dennis M. Defoe, Theresa A. Harrison East Tennessee State University College of Medicine Johnson City, TN, USA The differentiation pathway(s) leading from epithelial progenitor cells to mature mammalian taste cells function not only during development, but also throughout life as taste cells are continuously replaced. These pathways, however, are not yet clearly understood. In the present study, we have applied a new fate mapping technique to trace taste cell renewal at single-cell resolution in normal mouse circumvallate papillae (CV). For MADM analysis, two mouse lines with chimeric genes containing partial coding sequences for green and red fluorescent proteins (GFP, RFP) separated by a LoxP site, are interbred with Cre recombinase-expressing strains (Zong et al., 2005, Cell 121, 479-80). Occasionally in these crosses, Cre-mediated interchromosomal recombination events during mitosis reconstitute functional GFP and RFP genes, with one of the proteins expressed in each daughter cell and its subsequent progeny. To date, we have examined CV taste buds in mice resulting from crosses with two Cre-expressing lines, Hprt-Cre (Cre ubiquitously expressed) and Krt14-Cre (Cre expression targeted to epithelial progenitor cells). In serial 25 mm frozen sections visualized by confocal microscopy, sparse, discrete and well-separated groups of labeled cells were evident in the CV and lingual epithelium from both lines. Within the CV, we noted groups of elongate cells within taste buds, as well as cells associated with the taste pore. In the lingual surface epithelium, stacks of ovoid cells spanning the width of the epithelium were seen. Experiments to identify cell types represented within these putative clones in the CV and to determine lineage relationships are ongoing. Acknowledgements: 1 R15 DC006888 1 R15 EY017997 #P141 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Oxytocin Receptor Is Expressed In A Subset Of Glial-like Cells In Mouse Taste Buds Isabel Perea-Martinez 1 , Michael Sinclair 2 , Gennady Dvoryanchikov 1 , Nirupa Chaudhari 1,2 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA, 2 Program in Neurosciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA We have shown that OXT receptor (OXTR) is expressed in mouse taste buds. Mouse taste buds include three distinct classes of cells: Glial-like (Type I), Receptor (Type II), and Presynaptic (Type III) cells. Because these classes of cells have markedly different functions, we asked whether OXTR expression is restricted to any one of these classes. Using taste tissue from mice in which yellow fluorescent protein is knocked into the OXTR gene (OXTR-YFP mice), we immunostained for marker proteins for each cell type: Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase- 2 (NTPDase2) for Glial-like, PLCb2 for Receptor, and ChromograninA (ChrA) or Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) for Presynaptic cells. YFP was not co-expressed with either PLCb2, ChrA or AADC. In contrast, most YFP-expressing cells expressed NTPDase2 and showed the typical ensheathing morphology of glial-like taste cells. Single-cell RT-PCR confirmed that OXTR was expressed primarily in Type I cells. OXT peptide has been reported to affect development in bone and heart. To assess if loss of OXTR also affects the differentiation of taste buds, we examined taste buds from OXTR-YFP heterozygous and homozygous mice (the latter are OXTR knockout). We did not notice any differences in the shape, size, or number of taste cells or buds when comparing OXTR +/+, OXTR+/y and OXTRy/y siblings. Finally, to evaluate the source of OXT peptide that might influence taste buds in vivo, we performed RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. We found no evidence of expression of OXT in taste buds, nontaste epithelium or in nerve fibers that approach or penetrate taste buds. Thus, we infer that OXT is delivered to taste buds via the circulation, and 74 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
may serve to integrate central and peripheral mechanisms for energy balance and appetite. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH/NIDCD grants R01DC6021, R21DC10078 and American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship 0815215E. #P142 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Glutamatergic and Catecholaminergic Markers are Present in Fibers Innervating Mouse Taste Buds Elizabeth Pereira 1 , Jeff A. Grant 1 , Yijen A. Huang 1 , Xinzhong Dong 3 , Stephen D. Roper 1,2 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA, 2 Program in Neuroscience, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami, FL, USA, 3 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA Several neurotransmitters are found in taste buds, including serotonin, norepinephrine (NE), acetycholine and ATP. Previous studies (Stone et al, 2009) and preliminary data from our lab have shown that glutamate may also be a transmitter in taste buds, possibly released from neuronal fibers innervating taste buds. In the present study, we investigated the presence of catecholaminergic and glutamatergic markers in fibers that innervate taste buds. Specifically, we used immunohistochemistry in mouse lingual tissue to test for the expression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1,2, and 3 (VGlut1,2,3), markers for glutamate neurotransmitter release, and for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for catecholaminergic neurotransmission (dopamine, NE). Immunostaining revealed VGlut1 and VGlut2 in fibers innervating taste buds of the circumvallate and fungiform papillae, while VGlut3 was absent. VGlut2 also co-expressed with Pirt, a marker for peripheral sensory fibers (Kim et al, 2008), including fibers innervating taste buds. These findings demonstrate that VGlut1 and 2 are specifically found in neuronal fibers innervating taste buds, but not in taste bud cells. Surprisingly, VGlut2 also co-expressed with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), suggesting that taste fibers might co-release both glutamate and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine or NE. Consistent with these findings, we observed that petrosal and geniculate ganglia expressed Pirt, VGlut2, and TH. Collectively, the findings indicate that sensory cells that innervate taste buds extensively co-express markers for glutamatergic and catecholaminergic transmitters. Further experiments are required to determine the functional implications for the possible co-release of neurotransmitters in terms of taste bud signaling and function. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH/NIDCD grant 5R01DC000374 (SDR). #P143 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Orally Administered Capsaicin Reduces Taste Bud Volumes in Rats Treated as Adults, but Not Those Treated as Neonates Kaeli K. Samson, Suzanne I. Sollars University of Nebraska at Omaha Omaha, NE, USA In rats, the earlier in development that gustatory or associated somatosensory nerves are transected, the greater the gustatory losses (e.g. presence of disfigured papillae, reduction of fungiform papillae, lower taste bud numbers or volumes; Gomez & Sollars, 2006; Sollars, 2005). Based on this, it was of interest to see if a more commonly encountered form of potential nerve damage, orally administered capsaicin (the spicy chemical found in peppers), would yield a similar pattern of results. Rats were given either a sucrose solution containing capsaicin (CAP) or a plain sucrose control solution (SUC) beginning at postnatal day 5 for the neonate group or postnatal day 44/45 for the adult group. Rats were given solutions every day for 35 days, after which half of the animals were sacrificed 2 days post treatment, while the other half were given a period of time for possible recovery to occur (i.e. 50 days) before sacrifice. Tongues were analyzed for fungiform papillae morphology and taste bud volume. Unlike previous research, adult, not neonatal, taste buds were more negatively impacted by the capsaicin treatment; adults treated with capsaicin and sacrificed 50 days post treatment had smaller taste buds than age-matched controls. This counters previous research that finds greater susceptibility in neonates than adults. No differences between the CAP and SUC animals were found in papillae morphology for either age group at either sacrifice point. The discrepancy between the results of the current study and past literature likely derive from the various differences between the two treatments (i.e. transection vs. chemical), including the duration, severity, and location of treatment, as well as interactions with other physiological processes. Acknowledgements: NIDCD #P144 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY PERCEPTION, HUMAN PSYCHOPHYSICS & ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; PERIPHERAL TASTE DEVELOPMENT & SIGNALING Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Attenuates Taste Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Taste Bud Cell Renewal Zachary J Cohn, Agnes Kim, Liquan Huang, Joseph Brand, Hong Wang Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA Taste buds undergo constant cell turnover, and their structural homeostasis is maintained by balancing cell proliferation and death. Whether inflammation, an underlying condition in a number of diseases associated with taste disorders, interferes with taste cell renewal is unknown. Here we report the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on taste progenitor cell proliferation and taste bud cell renewal in mouse taste tissues. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS rapidly induced expression of several inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon-g, in mouse circumvallate and foliate papillae. LPS-induced inflammation significantly reduced the number of 5-bromo-2’- deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newborn taste bud cells 1-3 days P O S T E R S Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 75
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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We are pleased to announce that sev
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#1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
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and against delta ENaC is being pur
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#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN O
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#19 SYMPOSIUM - CILIA, SENSORY DYSF
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#26 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS - POLAK
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esponse selectivity for both OSNs a
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elicit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP
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contrast, changing the concentratio
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MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
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consisting of motors and IFT comple
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wing. Philip Callahan exposed insec
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seem to indicate that total nasal v
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possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
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#P325 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY
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of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
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showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
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differentiated patients with AD (M=
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pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
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Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
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Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
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Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
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Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
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See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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