Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S #P322 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Investigation of detection and pain thresholds at different sites at the human nasal mucosa in healthy subjects and patients with chronic rhinosinusitis Mandy Scheibe, Annika Schmidt Ent Department Dresden, Germany Background: Previous investigations in humans suggest topographical differences in the arrangement of intranasal trigeminal chemosensitivity with the highest sensitivity in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. The aim of the present study was to investigate if different sites at the human nasal mucosa react differently to unspecific electrical stimuli and if there are differences in healthy subjects and patients. Material and Methods: A total of 50 young, healthy volunteers (24 men, 26 women; age 22-38 years) and 10 patients with nasal polyps prior sinus surgery (6 men, 4 women; age 19 - 43 years) participated. Detection and pain threshold of trigeminal stimuli of the healthy subjects and the patients were investigated at 5 different sites at the nasal mucosa: anterior septum, posterior septum, lower turbinate, middle turbinate and anterior lateral nasal wall. Electrical stimuli were applied with a spherical electrode. Results: In healthy subjects a significantly higher trigeminal sensitivity was found at the anterior parts of the nose compared to the posterior part. There was a similar distribution pattern of the sensitivity for detection and pain thresholds. In patients there was a higher detection thresholds compared to healthy subjects, interestingly. Conclusions: The present data suggest that there are topographical differences in the arrangement of trigeminal neurons at the human nasal cavity. The highest sensitivity seems to be located in the anterior part of the nasal cavity. This finding is compatible with the idea that the trigeminal system acts as a sentinel of the human airways with regard to toxic agents. In case of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa seems to be reduced which may contribute to the sensation of a “congested nose”. #P323 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Odors, Asthma and Risk Perception Cristina Jaen, Pamela H. Dalton Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA Fragrances and strong odors have been characterized as a putative trigger that may exacerbate asthma symptoms and many asthmatics readily avoid odors and fragranced products. However, the mechanism by which exposure to pure odorants can elicit an adverse reaction in asthmatic patients is still unclear and may involve both physiological and psychological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how beliefs about an odor’s relationship to asthmatic symptoms could affect the physiological and psychological responses of asthmatics. Asthmatics classified as ‘moderate-persistent’, according to NIH criteria, were exposed for 15 minutes to a fragrance which was described either as eliciting or alleviating asthma symptoms. During exposure, participants were asked to rate odor intensity, perceived irritation and subjective annoyance while physiological parameters such as electrocardiogram, respiratory rate, and end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) were recorded. Before, immediately after, and at 2 and 24 hours post-exposure, participants were required to subjectively assess their asthma symptom status using a standardized questionnaire. We also measured asthma status at each of those time points using objective parameters of bronchoconstriction (spirometry) and measures of airway inflammation (exhaled nitric oxide -eNO). Predictably, manipulations of perceived risk altered both the quality ratings of the fragrance as well as the reported levels of asthma symptoms. However, perceived risk also appeared to modulate the inflammatory airway response, suggesting that stress elicited by the instructions may affect airway physiology and impact asthma exacerbations. Acknowledgements: Supported by NIH-NIDCD grant number RO1 DC 003704 to PD. #P324 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION “Olfaction in Burning Mouth Syndrome” Yuri L. Yakov, Svetlana Yakov, Alan R. Hirsch Smell &Taste Treatment and Research Foundation Chicago, IL, USA Objective: While Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) has been linked to disorders of taste, a formal assessment of olfaction has not been entertained. Background: BMS is a condition of chronic neuropathic pain affecting the tongue and other intraoral structures in more then one million Americans. Methods: Retrospective chart review of the most recent 22 BMS patients (7 males, 15 females) was assessed for olfactory complaints and testing. Results: Average age was 59 years (males) and 54 years (females), the severity of burning on a scale of 1 to 10 was 7. Fifty five percent of patients (12 out of 22) had at least one olfactory complaint as follows: hyposmia - 55%, dysosmia – 23%, and phantosmia – 14%. Twenty patients (90%) who performed olfactory tests had abnormal results bilaterally. Forty one percent of these patients had 1 test abnormal, 9% of these patients – 2 tests, 27% - 3 tests and 14% - 4 tests abnormal. Of those who performed the Brief Smell Identification Test corrected for age and sex - 4 out of 9 (44 %) had abnormal results; Alcohol Suprathreshold Testing – 11 out of 14 (79%); Smell Threshold Test with phenyl ethyl alcohol – 8 out of 10 (80%) patients had abnormal results in both nostrils tested individually; Quick Smell Identification Test - 9 out of 19 (47%); the Pocket Smell Test – 6 out 16 (38%); the unilateral University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test corrected for age and sex – 5 out of 7 (71%) patients had abnormal results in both nostrils tested individually. The incidence of chemosensory complaints in the general population is approximately 5%, whereas the incidence of chemosensory complaints and dysfunction in those with BMS was far greater (55%). Conclusion: Beside taste dysfunction, BMS may manifest as a generalized chemosensory disorder. 134 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
#P325 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Eruction Sensitive Subjective Hypogeusia Alan R. Hirsch Smell & Taste Treatment and Reasearch Foundation Chicago, IL, USA OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the importance of retronasal olfaction for perception of taste. BACKGROUND: Physiologic synesthesia with taste/smell confusion is the chemosensory underpinning of perceived flavor which is mediated through retronasal olfaction. The importance of this mechanism in the perception of flavor is manifest in the case study. METHODS/RESULTS: 70 year-old retired teacher was nasute until one year prior to presentation when, after a severe upper respiratory infection, suddenly lost all smell, with gradual recovery of approximately 30%. Concurrent with the smell loss was a perceived decreased ability to taste all but sweet, sour, and spicy, whereas all foods tasted flavorless. With eructation, totally normal flavor would return (ie. chewing what tasted like cardboard, on eructation, would suddenly transform to garlic bread, rubber to cantaloupe, etc.). Otolaryngolgic and nasal fiberoptic endoscopic examinations and CT of the head and sinuses were normal. Chemosensory testing suggested normogeusia on quadrant testing and Accusens Taste test, but severe olfactory deficit: right and left unilateral PEA threshold testing greater than -2.0; UPSIT left nostril 16, right nostril 10; Sniffin’ Stick Threshold unilaterally and dirhinously less than 1; discrimination left 3, right 5, dirhinously 6; identification left 8, right 9, dirhinously 7; odor memory test 2 at ten seconds, 3 at thirty seconds, and 1 at sixty seconds. CONCLUSIONS/RELEVANCE: The perceived normogeusia upon eructation in this otherwise subjectively hypogeusic individual demonstrated the importance of retronasal olfaction in the perception of flavor. SOURCE OF FUNDING: None #P326 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Identification of odor active substances in human amniotic fluid Constanze Hartmann 1 , Sébastien Doucet 1,2,3 , Ralf Dittrich 4 , Benoist Schaal 3 , Andrea Buettner 1,2 1 University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Erlangen, Germany, 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging Freising, Germany, 3 Centre des Sciences du Gout, Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group Dijon, France, 4 University of Erlangen- Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen Erlangen, Germany Objectives. Physiological evidence indicates that olfaction could already function in the human fetus [1]. Right after birth the odor of amniotic fluid (AF) is detectable to newborns and seems to attract [2] and calm them [3]. Such early attraction may derive from fetal learning/memory, and may help newborns adapt to the postnatal environment. The chemosensory basis of AF attractiveness has not been investigated yet, and this study aimed to characterize odor active compounds therein. Methods. The flavor profile of AF was monitored by descriptive sensory evaluation using an adult panel, while the identification of the predominant odor substances was carried out by senso-analytical techniques like gas chromatography-olfactometry and comparative dilution assays. Results. The prevailing AF odor impressions were described as blood- and raw meat-like. Several odor active substances were identified, amongst them some carbonyl compounds, as well as androstenone. Conclusions. Human AF contains a wide range of odorous substances, such as odor active steroids or ketones. These substances could have the potential ability to promote attention and hush the newborn, for example during noxious medical examination. References. [1] Schaal et al. 2004. Clin Perinatol 31:261-81 [2] Schaal et al. 1995. Biol Neonate 67, 397-406. [3] Varendi et al 1998. Early Hum Dev 51:47-55. Acknowledgements: Financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Bavarian Research Foundation. #P327 POSTER SESSION VII: OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS & CLINICAL STUDIES; CENTRAL OLFACTION Human Neonatal Responses to Androstenone Sebastien Doucet 1,2,3 , Constanze Hartmann 2 , Ralph Dittrich 4 , Robert Soussignan 1 , Benoist Schaal 1 , Andrea Buettner 2,3 1 Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût, CNRS Dijon, France, 2 Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany, 3 Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV Freising, Germany, 4 University-Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany Aims. Human newborns show equal attraction to the odors of amniotic fluid (AF) and mothers’ colostrum [1]. As 5-a-androst- 16-en-3-one (An) has been found in both fluids [2, 3], we studied it as a potential vector of this perinatal odor continuity and of neonatal attraction to the smell of breast and milk [4]. Methods. Two studies were run. 1) We recorded the behavior of 16 newborns (3 days) and 26 adults exposed to a saturating water solution of An and to 3 reference odorants [butyric acid, B; vanilla, V; water, W]. 2) We videotaped 26 newborns (3 days) being administered 7 stimuli: 4 dilution steps of An and 3 reference odorants [familiar milk, V, W]. Oral and facial actions to each odorant were quantified in infants, while verbal responses were recorded in adults. Results. In study 1, 12/16 neonates reacted with negative facial actions to An, while 10, 3 and 2 responded in such way to B, V and W, respectively. In contrast, 11/26 adults rated An as unpleasant, while 26 rated B as negative, and V and W as positive/neutral. In study 2, 24/26 newborns increased the relative duration of negative facial actions and/or decreased the duration of oro-cephalic movements when exposed to An as compared to W. Conclusions. A great majority of newborns detect An and, as adults who are osmic to An, respond to An in showing unpleasantness. Thus, the status of specific anosmia to An clearly differs in neonates and adults ( 50% being non responsive, respectively). Finally, the negative responsiveness to a compound met prenatally appears paradoxical when considering previous data on fetal odor learning. References. [1] Schaal B et al. (1998). Behav Neurosci, 112, 1438- 49; [2] Doucet S et al., submitted; [3] Buettner A (2007). Flav Fragr J, 22, 465-73; [4] Doucet S et al. (2007). Dev Psychobiol, 49, 129–38. Acknowledgements: SD was supported by Bavarian Research Foundation and Region Burgundy. CH and AB were funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and BS by CNRS (EAL 549). P O S T E R S Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 135
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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We are pleased to announce that sev
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#1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
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and against delta ENaC is being pur
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#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN O
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#19 SYMPOSIUM - CILIA, SENSORY DYSF
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#26 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS - POLAK
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esponse selectivity for both OSNs a
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elicit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP
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contrast, changing the concentratio
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of OBPs, we have systematically sup
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whereas mouse and joystick reaction
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS #P1 POSTER SES
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PROP strips and PROP solutions. PAV
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#P11 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGIN
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TGI. The present study investigated
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delivered in the scanner intra-oral
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a universal odor descriptor map. Ho
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acetate or ethyl butyrate v/v in mi
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#P54 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY P
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hours later, the levels of prolifer
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extrusion from OSNs. We are charact
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anchor of ‘strongest sensation of
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cells within gustatory papillae, we
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excite menthol- and/or CA-sensitive
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gene, HMBS was used. All primers we
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oom, without time keeping devices,
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#P113 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY
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decreasing of endogenous volatiles
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may serve to integrate central and
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esponse magnitudes. Inhibitions rea
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the second a non-specific cation ch
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saline. Some of the labeled ORNs sh
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Page 151 and 152: Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
Page 153 and 154: Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
Page 155 and 156: Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
Page 157 and 158: Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
Page 159 and 160: Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
Page 161 and 162: See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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