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P O S T E R S connexin proteins. The OB also exhibits circadian rhythms of both electrical activity and odor sensitivity, but the cellular mechanisms underlying these rhythms are unknown. Many circadian rhythms are under the influence of the daily rhythm of melatonin released by the pineal gland. Recent data suggest that melatonin regulates the expression of connexin 43 in myometrial cells and this contributes to synchronous rhythmic contractions of the uterus during childbirth. Collectively, these data led to the hypothesis that melatonin may contribute to the circadian activity of the OB by regulating gap junction expression and enhancing synchronous activity. To test this hypothesis, neonatal OB cells, grown in primary culture, were treated with 3 nM melatonin and connexin expression was examined by immunofluorescence. Connexin 43, in control tissue, was expressed primarily at the borders of contact between astrocytes. In contrast, melatonintreated astrocytes displayed increased connexin 43 expression, which included a diffuse cellular expression pattern in addition to expression at cell-to-cell borders. These results suggest that melatonin may contribute to the circadian activity of the OB by enhancing electrical coupling via increased gap junction expression. Molecular analyses of these effects, and the effects of melatonin on connexins 36 and 45, are also being examined. Acknowledgements: Supported in part by the FSU Department of Biological Science and Program in Neuroscience #P40 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Odors eliciting Fear: a Conditioning Approach to Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance Patricia Bulsing 1 , Arne Leer 2 , Monique A Smeets 2 , Marcel van den Hout 2 1 Unilever Vlaardingen, Netherlands, 2 Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands Individuals with Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance (IEI) seem to fear odorous chemicals. To determine whether IEI can be conceived of as an “odor phobia”, we tested whether odors can elicit stress responses (1); and whether odors, after association with fear compared to before, are evaluated as less pleasant (2) and avoided more (3). Method: Using differential classical conditioning paradigm, an odor (either rotten egg as CS+ [CS: Conditioned Stimulus] and peach as CS-, or vice versa), were conditioned to an electrical shock as Unconditioned Stimulus (US). The acquisition phase consisted of 6 presentations of the CS+ followed by electrical shock and 6 presentations of the CSalone. The extinction phase consisted of 6 CS+ and 6 CS- trials, with no US. Stress response was assessed via Skin Conductance Response (SCR); pleasantness via rating scales; avoidance via sniffing. Results: SCR increased significantly to both odors, but stress to rotten egg did not extinguish (1); a significant (p =.03) change in pleasantness during acquisition was encountered, with the CS+ being liked less after conditioning (2); sniffing volume associated with the CS+ decreased immediately after the first trial(s), but reduction in volume was not significant over 6 trials (3). Discussion: The finding that odors can be conditioned to stress responses, leading to reduced liking for these odors, support a fear conditioning conception of IEI. However, the absence of extinction and avoidance of the CS+ are problematic in the light of the theory and additional research is needed, especially since extinction would be the treatment of choice in view of the theory. Acknowledgements: NWO Vidi 452-03-334 #P41 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Species specific regulation of the olfactory bulb dopaminergic phenotype Kasturi Banerjee 1 , Shivraj Bhosle 1 , Harriet Baker 1,2 , John W. Cave 1,2 1 Burke Medical Research Institute White Plains, NY, USA, 2 Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA Our previous studies indicated that the transcription factor ER81 regulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) by directly binding to the TH proximal promoter. A recent study suggested ER81 also regulates expression of other genes necessary for the dopaminergic phenotype by a molecular mechanism similar to TH, and this ER81-dependent differentiation of the dopaminergic neuronal phenotype is conserved from nematodes to mammals. However, a phylogenetic analysis of genomic DNA sequences corresponding to promoter regions for several dopaminergic genes in mammals revealed that the reported binding sites that mediate ER81 regulation of the dopaminergic phenotype are not conserved. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments with mouse OB tissue suggested that ER81 binds to several proximal promoter regions of many dopaminergic genes, but ChIP experiments with OB tissue from dog indicate that orthologous regions of these genes are not bound by ER81. Focusing on the expression of TH, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, electromobility gel shift assays showed that recombinantly expressed ER81 can bind the TH promoter from rodents, but not humans. Transcription assays comparing human and rat TH promoters in a cultured murine OB cell line also suggested that there is species-specific regulation of TH. Together, our findings suggest that there are species-specific molecular mechanisms that regulate differentiation of OB dopaminergic phenotype. However, these findings do not exclude the possibility that there is also a conserved molecular differentiation pathway that functions in combination with the species-specific mechanisms. Acknowledgements: NIH DC008955 #P42 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGING & PSYCHOPHYSICS; CENTRAL TASTE; MULTIPLE MODALITIES; CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL OLFACTION The olfactory capabilities of mice with long-term unilateral naris occlusion (UNO) and contralateral bulbectomy (bulb-x) Cathy J Angely, David M Coppola Department of Biology, Randolph Macon College Ashland, VA, USA UNO has been the most common method of effecting stimulus deprivation in studies of olfactory plasticity. However, despite the large corpus on the effects of this manipulation dating back to the 19th century, little is known about its behavioral sequela. Here we report the results of classical olfactory habituation and discrimination studies on adult mice that had undergone unilateral bulb-x and contralateral naris occlusion perinatally. The olfactory performance of UNO mice was compared to matched controls that had unilateral bulb-x but intact nares. Both experiments employed a masking protocol in which after successful dishabituation or discrimination to pure odors (0.1% isoamyl 40 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
acetate or ethyl butyrate v/v in mineral oil), mice were challenged with test odors that were increasingly masked by dilution with the habituation odor. In the habituation experiment, UNOs (n = 9) and controls (n = 9) dishabituated to a 10% solution of test odor mixed with habituation odor however both groups generalized to a 2% mixture. However, UNO results for the 2% mixture approached significance (p
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familiarity and cultural difference
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perception of purine 5’-ribonucle
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were significantly different from o
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MSG on NaCl is evidently highlighte
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consisting of motors and IFT comple
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seem to indicate that total nasal v
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possibly suggesting non-apoptotic m
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of 7/10, and causing eyes to water
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showed that N1/P2 latencies were lo
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differentiated patients with AD (M=
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pleasantness 3)of mixtures (A,B), A
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Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
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Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Murata, Y - P272 Murphy, C - P3, P4
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Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
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Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
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See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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