Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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P O S T E R S mixtures showed mutual additivity, which is consistent with a model of competitive agonists binding at a single receptor site. Near response saturation, glomerular responses to the mixtures often showed a suppression effect, similar to the reduction effect seen with the highest concentration of single odorant. Little or no apparent receptor inhibition was observed in our studies. Thus, odorant interactions between structurally similar compounds might be explained by concentrationdependent adjustments in the overall signaling system at the peripheral level. It remains to be determined how these physiological interactions in the periphery give rise and are transformed into perception or behavioral responses. Acknowledgements: NIH DC004208 #P306 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Influence of the chemical structure on odor intensity and odor character of halogenated and methylated phenols Andrea Strube 1 , Andrea Buettner 1,2 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV) Freising, Germany, 2 Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen- Nuremberg Erlangen, Germany Objectives. A series of halogenated, methylated phenols have been reported to cause phenolic and medicinal off-flavours in food such as 2-iodo-4-methylphenol, 2-chloro-6-methylphenol and 2-bromo-4-methylphenol [1][2]. In all cases, orthosubstitution with a halogen atom resulted in high odour activity [2][3] while e.g. for 2-chloro-4-methylphenol odour activity increased significantly by insertion of a methyl group in position 4 [4]. Based on these observations the aim was a systematic variation and sensory evaluation of monohalogenated and monomethylated phenols to elucidate key structural elements for their smell. Experimental methods. The odour character of the phenols, and their threshold concentrations in air and water were evaluated by application of gas chromatography-olfactometry as well as sensory evaluation on aqueous solutions [5]. Results. Variation of the halogen (Cl, Br, I)- and methyl- substitution of the phenols resulted not only in distinctive different smells with predominantly medicinal and phenolic impressions, but also in major differences in their odor thresholds. Thereby, pronounced inter-individual sensory differences were observed between panelists, e.g. for 2-iodo-4-methylphenol. Conclusions. The odor parameters of halogenated and methylated phenols strongly depend on their respective substitution patterns, and on individual specificities. References [1] Mottram, D. S. (1998). J.Food Sci. Technol., 33, 19-29. [2] Strube, A., Guth, H., & Buettner, A. Water Res. 2009, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.026. [3] Dietrich, A. M., Mirlohi, S., DaCosta, et al. (1999). Water Sci. Technol., 40(6), 45-51. [4] Young, W. F., Horth, H., Crane, R., et al. (1996). Water Res., 30(2), 331-340. [5] Czerny, M., Christlbauer, M., Christlbauer, M., et al. (2008). Eur. Food Res. Technol., 228, 265-273. #P307 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION The first quantitative model of the nasal aerodynamics in mouse Jianbo Jiang 1 , Yuehao Luo 1 , Michael Dishowitz 2 , Alexander C Wright 3 , Kai Zhao 1 1 Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA, 3 Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, PA, USA Despite mouse being an animal model widely used in biomedical research, including those focused in the olfactory and respiratory system, there has been no published studies on its nasal aerodynamics, due to the small size. The structure and the subsequent nasal airflow features of mouse can not be assumed to be similar to that of rat, as the reported ratios of nasal surface area to nasal volume and body weight are much higher in mouse than in rat. We have created the first anatomically accurate 3D computational model of mouse nasal cavity based on postmortem microCT scans (vivaCT 40, SCANCO USA, Inc) of an adult B6 mouse. The isotropic pixel resolution of the scans is 10.5 um. Profiles of velocity and flow distribution in the mouse nasal cavity under restful breathing and sniffing were simulated computationally adopting the quasi-steady approach and were found to be similar to those reported in rat, yet with some significant regional differences. Similar to rat, of the major nasal flow streams in mouse, only the dorsomedial (DM) stream passes through the Ethmoid (olfactory) Recess (ER) while the others flow ventrally, joined at the nasopharygeal meastus before exiting the nasal cavity. However, the DM stream in mouse did not split into medial and lateral path in the ER as found in the rat. Consequently, all the lateral and ventral ER in mouse were ventilated through the recirculation of DM stream, which may have functional implication related to the olfactory odorant transport. This phenomenon could be unique in the mouse, or that the previous rat nasal models may fail to capture the structure accurately. Future applications of the model may include: predicting the nasal odorant/toxic/aerosol uptake dosimetry and distribution pattern in mouse, and potentially extrapolating data from mouse to human. Acknowledgements: NIH DC006760 and NIH DC008187 #P265 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Insect Olfaction and the Electrostatic Effect Thomas M. Dykstra Dykstra Laboratories, Inc. Gainesville, FL, USA Laminar flow has been the focus of discussion when investigating the mechanism of odorant deposition on insect sensillae. Although laminar flow is important, electrostatic effects have been reported in the literature, but seldom discussed. Their importance to insect olfaction will be presented. Eric Erickson has shown electrostatic charges to build up on honeybees in flight. These charges range from +10-1470 millivolts. Ulrich Warnke has shown preferential deposition of charged aerosol particles to occur on wing sensillae when he would artificially introduce a charged solution in the hemolytic region of the 128 | AChemS Abstracts 2010 Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s)
wing. Philip Callahan exposed insect gustatory chemosensillae to negatively charged aniline blue droplets and found them to migrate to the tip. D.K. Edwards has noted that flies vigorously rub their front legs together and groom their wings when exposed to sudden changes in the electrical field. This author and countless others have noted wing-fanning behavior in moths when abruptly exposed to their own pheromone. Auto-electrification can be achieved by ordinary flight, by wing-fanning behavior, by the rubbing together of leg pairs, and by the self-grooming of their wings. Each of these is known to increase the positive charges found on the surface of an insect’s cuticle. Due to the electrical point effect, these charges will be focused on pointed structures or tips such as the antennae, the wings, and the sensillae. Odorant molecules will be preferentially attracted to these regions of the insect body. This will allow charged airborne molecules, especially in low concentrations, to be more easily detected by insects. #P308 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Implicit modulation of preferences for odors by explicit choices in long-term memory Géraldine Coppin 1,2 , Sylvain Delplanque 1,2 , Charlène Fournier 1,2 , David Sander 1,2 1 Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Laboratory for the study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3 Lab), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Several studies have shown that preferences can be strongly modulated by cognitive processes such as decision making and choices. Remarkably, it has been demonstrated that explicit choices, traditionally considered as a reflection of preferences, can in fact create them. However, it is still unclear whether choices can influence preferences of sensory stimuli in an implicit way and if such a modulation is stable over time. This question was addressed here by asking participants to evaluate odors, to choose their preferred odors among pairs, to re-evaluate odors, and to perform an unexpected memory test concerning their choices. After one week, participants were asked to evaluate one more time the odors, and to do choices between pairs similar to those presented the previous week. Results revealed the existence of post-choice preference changes, in the sense of an overvaluation of chosen odors and a devaluation of rejected ones, even when choices were forgotten. These results suggest that chemosensory preferences can be modulated by explicit choices and that such modulation might rely on implicit mechanisms. This finding rules out any explanation of post-choice preference changes in terms of experimental demand and strongly challenges the classical cognitive dissonance reduction account of such preference changes. Moreover, preliminary results showed that this choiceinduced preference modulation was still present after one week and the congruence between the choices made the first time and after one week was high. This result invites to further consider the importance of implicit processing in preference acquisition and stability across time. #P309 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION The eyes see what the nose smells: Olfactory modulation of visual perception in binocular rivalry Wen Zhou 1,3 , Yi Jiang 1 , Sheng He 2 , Denise Chen 3 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China, 2 Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China, 3 University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA, 4 Rice University Houston, TX, USA Vision is widely accepted as the dominant sense in humans and other primates, whereas olfaction is often considered a vestigial sense yielding only obscure object representations. It is well documented that vision drives olfactory perception, but the converse is hardly known. Here we introduce smells to a wellestablished visual phenomenon termed binocular rivalry, perceptual alternations that occur when distinctively different images are separately presented to the two eyes. We show that an odorant congruent to one of the competing images prolongs its dominance duration and shortens its suppression time in a manner that is automatic, independent of cognitive control, and partly subconscious. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that a non-visual sensory cue biases the dynamic process of binocular rivalry, thereby demonstrating olfactory modulation of visual perception – an effect that has been hitherto unsuspected. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by NIH R03DC4956 and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-R-250 and 09CX192019). #P310 POSTER SESSION VI: PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL TASTE; PERIPHERAL OLFACTION Virus-infected female mice attract male mice through pheromone up-regulation Koichi Matsumura 1 , Maryanne Opiekun 1 , Takuya Tashiro 2 , Kenji Mori 2 , Kunio Yamazaki 1 , Gary K. Beauchamp 1 1 Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2 RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology Kanagawa, Japan Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), a retrovirus that can be transferred from the mother mouse to her pups through her milk, causes mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. The virus is widely distributed in wild mouse populations worldwide suggesting that some factor acts to maintain the virus in the mouse population. We previously reported that inbred laboratory mice (C57BL/6 (B6 which is H2 b ) infected with MMTV can be discriminated by scent from uninfected, genetically identical control mice long before the development of tumors. We next found that the amount of 3,4-dehydro-exo-brevicomin (DHB-previously identified as a pheromone produced by male mice that modulates inter-male aggression and female estrus cycling) was dramatically increased in urine of infected female mice. Subsequent studies demonstrated that, in free-choice tests, mice are attracted to the scent of MMTV-infected females, of their urine, and of DHBspiked female urine. To evaluate the generality of these results, we have now tested females of two other mouse strains: Congenic B6-H2 k mice with a different MHC haplotype than B6 mice and BALB/c, an inbred strain that differs from B6 at many genetic loci. MMTV-infected B6-H2 k mice also showed up-regulation of DHB production and the urine of infected mice and DHB-spiked P O S T E R S Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s) Abstracts | 129
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
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We are pleased to announce that sev
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#1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE Normal and Canc
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and against delta ENaC is being pur
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#13 SYMPOSIUM - GENETICS OF HUMAN O
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#19 SYMPOSIUM - CILIA, SENSORY DYSF
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#26 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS - POLAK
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esponse selectivity for both OSNs a
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elicit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP
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contrast, changing the concentratio
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of OBPs, we have systematically sup
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whereas mouse and joystick reaction
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POSTER PRESENTATIONS #P1 POSTER SES
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PROP strips and PROP solutions. PAV
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#P11 POSTER SESSION I: TASTE IMAGIN
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TGI. The present study investigated
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delivered in the scanner intra-oral
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a universal odor descriptor map. Ho
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acetate or ethyl butyrate v/v in mi
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#P54 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTORY P
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hours later, the levels of prolifer
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extrusion from OSNs. We are charact
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anchor of ‘strongest sensation of
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cells within gustatory papillae, we
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excite menthol- and/or CA-sensitive
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gene, HMBS was used. All primers we
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oom, without time keeping devices,
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#P113 POSTER SESSION III: OLFACTORY
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decreasing of endogenous volatiles
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may serve to integrate central and
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Page 151 and 152: Index Aarts, H - P328 Abe, K - P88,
Page 153 and 154: Haase, L - P3, P4, P29, P355 Haddad
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Page 157 and 158: Veldhuizen, M - P7, P24, P25, P242,
Page 159 and 160: Registration 7:30 am to 1:00 pm, 6:
Page 161 and 162: See you next year! AChemS 33rd Annu
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Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

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