on Culture & Development - Seameo-SPAFA

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DAY 255Development:Meanings,Understandings andTools
56IntroductionFollowing on from the previous day’sexploration of meanings of culture,Day 2 begins by gatheringparticipants’ images of developmentas a way to generate discussionaround our different understandingsand impressions of what developmentis, could or should be. In a relativelyshort space of time, the wide range ofimages produced, manage to raise anumber of ideas, opinions, issues andconcerns. A recurring theme amongthose collected during the course ofthese workshops was thatdevelopment is failing to live up topeople’s expectations and thatimportant goals are not beingachieved. To begin to understand whythis is the case, the follow-onactivities on this day start to explorewhat is happening in the planningstages of projects, and morespecifically to consider the kind oftools we use in the planning processand how we use them.An initial brainstorm activityhighlights just how many tools thereare, especially within workshopgroups consisting of academics andresearchers, planners, administratorsand implementers, and consideringthe range of disciplines covered.Encouraging participants to name andprovide a brief description of a tool,including what can be achievedthrough its use, alerts the group tothe fact that one tool may be knownunder different names; it also helps usto identify alternative tools to thosewe may be familiar with; it touches onhow tools may complement eachother; and raises awareness of theneed to be creative and to maximizetheir potential. When talking aboutparticipatory processes, this latterpoint is extremely important as whatwe need are the kind of tools andpersonal approaches that are flexibleenough to allow us to explore,experience, and learn. Such tools willgive us a direction in which to travelbut still leave us open to respond tothe people and context we areworking in.To emphasise the fact that it is not soimportant what tools we use but howwe use them, Activity 2.5 -Stakeholder Analysis, involves a morein-depth analysis of just one tool. As apreliminary identification of whoshould be involved in the identificationof a problem and planning of aparticular project, StakeholderAnalysis represents the first importantstep towards building the relationshipsneeded for the success of participatory
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Page 7 and 8: ContentsPreface to 2004 Guidelines
Page 9 and 10: “Development as it affects a comm
Page 11 and 12: 10PREFACE TO 2004 GUIDELINES EDITIO
Page 13 and 14: Fororeworord:12FororeworordDespite
Page 16 and 17: PART ONE15HOW THE GUIDELINES EVOLVE
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Page 33 and 34: 32“Tolerance, inter-cultural dial
Page 35 and 36: 34IntroductionThe first day of the
Page 37 and 38: 36other groups may share those valu
Page 39 and 40: TOPICSWhat do I expect from this wo
Page 41 and 42: 406. A representative from each gro
Page 43 and 44: 1.3 Meanings of CultureTime: 90 min
Page 45 and 46: 4) Culture is the roles and guideli
Page 47 and 48: Step 26. The following cultural map
Page 49 and 50: Notes on Cultural MappingCultural m
Page 51 and 52: 50Discussion following this activit
Page 53 and 54: Questions ChecklistHas my understan
Page 55: 54“We need to find ways of relati
Page 59: 58include supporters or opponents o
Page 62 and 63: Activity 2.3 - Development CartoonT
Page 64 and 65: Activity 2.4 - Tools BrainstormTime
Page 66 and 67: 2. Invite volunteers to explain bri
Page 68 and 69: Activity 2.6 - Enabling & Inhibitin
Page 71 and 72: Questions ChecklistWhat is my view
Page 73 and 74: 72“Mr. Director General, why is i
Page 75 and 76: 74IntroductionRead the following co
Page 77: 76redundant because they consider t
Page 80 and 81: Activity 3.3 The Programme Cycle79T
Page 82 and 83: COUNTRYCONSULTATIONSEVALUATIONIDENT
Page 84: What it is and why we use itFirst w
Page 87 and 88: TERMAssumptionsMEANINGFactors exter
Page 89 and 90: 88Table 2: Log FrameOBJECTIVESPURPO
Page 91 and 92: participants when they took the rol
Page 93 and 94: Avoiding log frame design problems(
Page 95 and 96: Questions ChecklistHow can I promot
Page 97 and 98: 96“One of the most difficult thin
Page 99 and 100: 98IntroductionThe overall aim of Da
Page 101 and 102: 100Activity 4.5, like 4.3, recommen
Page 103 and 104: TOPICSHow does the way we represent
Page 105 and 106: 1044. Ask participants to repeat th
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Activity 4.5 Attitudes and Assumpti
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Activity 4.6 Colleague Card SortSou
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Activity 4.7 Describing a Resourcef
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Questions ChecklistWhat are my pers
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114“Reconciliation is to understa
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116IntroductionThroughout the works
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TOPICSWhat is meant by conflict med
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120maybe without even realizing or
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1223. If necessary, demonstrate. Fo
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124Notes on procedure: The above st
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Conclusion126Transforming situation
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ContributorsAnuchit Jittrathanakul
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ContributorsVirongrung Bodharamik (
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148For information and enquiries:Ce
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