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DAY 4Representation,Interpretation andCommunication97
98IntroductionThe overall aim of Day 4 is to identifywhat cultural factors individuals,professionals, organizations andinstitutions may bring to the planningprocess. Continuing the journey ofcritical reflection and analysis, Day 4activities have been selected toencourage an exploration of values,ideas, beliefs, attitudes andbehaviours among the many differentstakeholders involved. The challengewas to find ways to unpack thiscultural baggage in the variouscontexts in which the workshops weretaking place, and to facilitatediscussion on sometimes difficult,personal or sensitive topics.Understanding that participants mayeasily be taken out of their comfortzones, and acknowledging Chambers’(2005) warning that participatoryactivities can, “…lift the lids fromdomains that are unpleasant, hidden,private, or dangerous”, the aim was tofind activities that could beconstructive whilst non-threatening.The alternative activities orapproaches presented in this secondedition of the Guidelines are the resultof observations made during each ofthe 6 workshops. On-going monitoringby the team of facilitators, feedbackfrom the daily reviews as well asoverall group dynamics very muchinfluenced our decisions about whichof the activities to use, when, and howto use them. Approaching the issuesraised through shorter, snappieractivities which encouraged laughterproved effective. As a starting pointwe decided to focus on theorganisations and institutionsrepresented by the group. This wasfollowed by a gradual move to theindividual level and an emphasis onpersonal agency; leading to arealisation that what we choose to door not to do does in fact, make adifference.Activity 4.3 explores our perceptionsabout the power, mission, scope ofwork, work practices, rules,regulations, procedures and so on ofthe different developmentstakeholders represented by thegroup. Each organisational group notonly defines itself but is also asked toview itself through the eyes of anoutsider. The activity rapidly uncoversthe boundaries we consciously orunconsciously create regarding ourwillingness or reluctance to engagewith certain “others”, and theinfluence this can have over what kindof interaction actually takes place
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ContentsPreface to 2004 Guidelines
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“Development as it affects a comm
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10PREFACE TO 2004 GUIDELINES EDITIO
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Fororeworord:12FororeworordDespite
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PART ONE15HOW THE GUIDELINES EVOLVE
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the best of intentions we can not o
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32“Tolerance, inter-cultural dial
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34IntroductionThe first day of the
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36other groups may share those valu
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TOPICSWhat do I expect from this wo
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406. A representative from each gro
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1.3 Meanings of CultureTime: 90 min
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4) Culture is the roles and guideli
Page 47 and 48: Step 26. The following cultural map
Page 49 and 50: Notes on Cultural MappingCultural m
Page 51 and 52: 50Discussion following this activit
Page 53 and 54: Questions ChecklistHas my understan
Page 55 and 56: 54“We need to find ways of relati
Page 57 and 58: 56IntroductionFollowing on from the
Page 59: 58include supporters or opponents o
Page 62 and 63: Activity 2.3 - Development CartoonT
Page 64 and 65: Activity 2.4 - Tools BrainstormTime
Page 66 and 67: 2. Invite volunteers to explain bri
Page 68 and 69: Activity 2.6 - Enabling & Inhibitin
Page 71 and 72: Questions ChecklistWhat is my view
Page 73 and 74: 72“Mr. Director General, why is i
Page 75 and 76: 74IntroductionRead the following co
Page 77: 76redundant because they consider t
Page 80 and 81: Activity 3.3 The Programme Cycle79T
Page 82 and 83: COUNTRYCONSULTATIONSEVALUATIONIDENT
Page 84: What it is and why we use itFirst w
Page 87 and 88: TERMAssumptionsMEANINGFactors exter
Page 89 and 90: 88Table 2: Log FrameOBJECTIVESPURPO
Page 91 and 92: participants when they took the rol
Page 93 and 94: Avoiding log frame design problems(
Page 95 and 96: Questions ChecklistHow can I promot
Page 97: 96“One of the most difficult thin
Page 101 and 102: 100Activity 4.5, like 4.3, recommen
Page 103 and 104: TOPICSHow does the way we represent
Page 105 and 106: 1044. Ask participants to repeat th
Page 107 and 108: Activity 4.5 Attitudes and Assumpti
Page 109 and 110: Activity 4.6 Colleague Card SortSou
Page 111 and 112: Activity 4.7 Describing a Resourcef
Page 113 and 114: Questions ChecklistWhat are my pers
Page 115 and 116: 114“Reconciliation is to understa
Page 117 and 118: 116IntroductionThroughout the works
Page 119 and 120: TOPICSWhat is meant by conflict med
Page 121 and 122: 120maybe without even realizing or
Page 123 and 124: 1223. If necessary, demonstrate. Fo
Page 125 and 126: 124Notes on procedure: The above st
Page 127 and 128: Conclusion126Transforming situation
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Page 145 and 146: ContributorsAnuchit Jittrathanakul
Page 147 and 148: ContributorsVirongrung Bodharamik (
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148For information and enquiries:Ce
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