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(1) ParticipationAlthough the log frame design will be the written output/resultof the project team, it does not mean that it precludes valuableinformation and inputs from the end beneficiaries. Thesestakeholders can be involved and a practical way to includetheir ideas and concerns is to have them use the cause-effecttree. The simple method of making a problem- solution tree isvery effective. It makes clear the problem(s) as seen by theend beneficiaries and gives an indication of their preferredsolution(s) to address the problem.Furthermore, the inclusion of this critical information helpsensure better communication and the attainment of consensuson how to implement the project.91On the issues of appraisal, evaluation, and the collection ofqualitative data; the inputs of the end beneficiaries from thevery beginning is critical. Quite simply, the assessment of whatthese stakeholders ‘input’ to the project concept on its goal andpurpose, and what they actually get as ‘output’ upon projectcompletion, can provide realistic qualitative data.(2) AbstractionBeing concise is a feature of a log frame design and as indictedabove it can result in abstract notations and does not detailwho exactly does what or how they may do it. To avoidmisunderstanding later on that could occur regarding projectconcept, ownership, and/or responsibility; ensure that moredetailed notes are made and agreed upon. These notes shouldinclude responsibility assigned for each action to be takenwithin the key steps of the project and also act as a supportingdocument.
Avoiding log frame design problems(1) Specific objectives92Not being specific enough is the most common culprit leadingto problems in the design of a log frame. For example, if thegoal of the project is listed as ‘improved quality of life’, this infact becomes impossible to quantify and monitor. Thus, thefocus has to be on the immediate objective of the project. Cleardistinctions have to be made between longer-term objectivesthat the project may ‘influence’ and the immediate objectivethat project should deliver upon. Accordingly, in our exampleproject for HIV reduction in Town X the target group isspecifically defined as male sex workers in that town; theproject does not assume as its objective an overall reduction inHIV infection for the whole populace.(2) Assumptions and Risk AssessmentQuite often assumptions and risks may primarily constituteunfounded notions or ideas. For example, assuming the projectin question will have local government support simply becausethe project is designed to benefit the local community can notbe assured. Some basic research has to be undertaken tosupport the assumptions being made. Assessing the associatedrisks requires a good dose of realism too. It is advisable to ratethe identified risks according to levels of high, medium, andlow. This affords a more effective monitoring system to beestablished; obviously with greater attention being paid to thehighly rated risks that could negatively impact on the project.In our project for HIV reduction in male sex workers in Town X,the assumptions made would need to be researched, followingwhich, the risk assessment of each assumption would becarefully rated. This influences the decision-making processthat follows and helps ensure the project is kept ‘on track’.
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ContentsPreface to 2004 Guidelines
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“Development as it affects a comm
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10PREFACE TO 2004 GUIDELINES EDITIO
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Fororeworord:12FororeworordDespite
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PART ONE15HOW THE GUIDELINES EVOLVE
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the best of intentions we can not o
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32“Tolerance, inter-cultural dial
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34IntroductionThe first day of the
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36other groups may share those valu
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TOPICSWhat do I expect from this wo
Page 41 and 42: 406. A representative from each gro
Page 43 and 44: 1.3 Meanings of CultureTime: 90 min
Page 45 and 46: 4) Culture is the roles and guideli
Page 47 and 48: Step 26. The following cultural map
Page 49 and 50: Notes on Cultural MappingCultural m
Page 51 and 52: 50Discussion following this activit
Page 53 and 54: Questions ChecklistHas my understan
Page 55 and 56: 54“We need to find ways of relati
Page 57 and 58: 56IntroductionFollowing on from the
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Page 62 and 63: Activity 2.3 - Development CartoonT
Page 64 and 65: Activity 2.4 - Tools BrainstormTime
Page 66 and 67: 2. Invite volunteers to explain bri
Page 68 and 69: Activity 2.6 - Enabling & Inhibitin
Page 71 and 72: Questions ChecklistWhat is my view
Page 73 and 74: 72“Mr. Director General, why is i
Page 75 and 76: 74IntroductionRead the following co
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Page 80 and 81: Activity 3.3 The Programme Cycle79T
Page 82 and 83: COUNTRYCONSULTATIONSEVALUATIONIDENT
Page 84: What it is and why we use itFirst w
Page 87 and 88: TERMAssumptionsMEANINGFactors exter
Page 89 and 90: 88Table 2: Log FrameOBJECTIVESPURPO
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Page 95 and 96: Questions ChecklistHow can I promot
Page 97 and 98: 96“One of the most difficult thin
Page 99 and 100: 98IntroductionThe overall aim of Da
Page 101 and 102: 100Activity 4.5, like 4.3, recommen
Page 103 and 104: TOPICSHow does the way we represent
Page 105 and 106: 1044. Ask participants to repeat th
Page 107 and 108: Activity 4.5 Attitudes and Assumpti
Page 109 and 110: Activity 4.6 Colleague Card SortSou
Page 111 and 112: Activity 4.7 Describing a Resourcef
Page 113 and 114: Questions ChecklistWhat are my pers
Page 115 and 116: 114“Reconciliation is to understa
Page 117 and 118: 116IntroductionThroughout the works
Page 119 and 120: TOPICSWhat is meant by conflict med
Page 121 and 122: 120maybe without even realizing or
Page 123 and 124: 1223. If necessary, demonstrate. Fo
Page 125 and 126: 124Notes on procedure: The above st
Page 127 and 128: Conclusion126Transforming situation
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ContributorsAnuchit Jittrathanakul
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ContributorsVirongrung Bodharamik (
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148For information and enquiries:Ce
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